Daming 1805

Zhu Jingyuan took a general look at the status of the "computing machine", and Wang Lailai who was next to him also began to give a basic introduction.

The current situation of this computer is very similar to what Zhu Jingyuan analyzed in his mind.

It's just that the nomenclature of many things is far from my own habits.

The "Shu Yao" and "Zi Gua" are only the most basic, and there are more confusing ones behind.

"Ledger: 530 six characters."

"Basic account: 3 characters."

According to Wang Lai's explanation, Zhu Jingyuan translated it in his mind.

"Running memory RAM: 65536B, which can be converted into 1024K according to the 64 base system."

"Read-only memory ROM: 32768B, 32K."

This ROM is read-only memory in the original sense, not the mobile phone storage space understood by later generations, but actually those chips that are hard-coded and cannot be modified on later generations of game consoles.

The memory has become a ledger?Read-only memory, that is, ROM in the traditional sense, has become a bottom line?
These two names give people a very strange feeling, but if you think about it a little bit, they seem to be very real.

Starting from the Renwu Dynasty, the status of craftsmen in Ming Dynasty was raised by Emperor Shizu on his own initiative.

Among the traditional four peoples of China, namely, scholars, farmers, workers, and merchants, the status and scope of workers also naturally increased with industrialization.

Researchers who are similar to scientists, planners who are similar to engineers, and specific construction and maintenance personnel who are similar to senior technicians, plus ordinary workers, all belong to "workers" in the Chinese tradition.

They are collectively referred to as craftsmen, have specialized schools and grades, and can receive treatment equivalent to that of a first-rank grand master at the highest.

Craftsmen and merchants are highly related, and they can even be regarded as overlapping in many cases.

In the early days, craftsmen operated their own industries.

Therefore, titles such as account book and account book are also taken for granted for them.

Traditional literati may dislike the smell of copper in these names.

But they won't.

The craftsmen who are now developing computers are also people in this circle.

Ledgers are ledgers placed on the counter, which are basically journals that record daily affairs.

The bottom ledger is intended to be the original ledger, and it can also be used as an archived ledger.

On this set of computers, it is actually used as a special font library.

The ledger is a piece of data, a string of people and numbers arranged by date, which can also echo with data management.

As a temporary account book, the ledger is an archived ledger, which can also be echoed in nature.

The memory overflow means that the account book of the ledger cannot be written.

Adding memory is adding accounts.

The space used for computing and the space used to store basic data are not called "storage" at all.

In the future, there may be no confusion about the name of memory capacity.

Although Zhu Jingyuan can understand it, but is it really harmonious to put the titles of account book and gossip together like this?

Is that why there are two titles of "zi" and "gua"?

It should also be because the current craftsmen, especially the high-tech researchers, have actually become farther and farther away from businessmen.

They themselves are scientists and engineers of later generations.

At the same time, due to the improvement of the status of craftsmen, and the government offices related to craftsmen, there are also many ordinary literati.

"Character" may be called in another state of mind.

This "zigua" is equivalent to the bytes in the previous life, and it is the basic unit of data in the Ming Dynasty computer.

However, the general-purpose computers in the previous life had eight bits per byte, and Daming's computer had sixteen lines per hexagram.

The goal is to encode more than 3 standard Chinese characters in one hexagram.

If the character hexagrams of the Eight Yaos are used to encode Chinese characters, two hexagrams are needed to represent a Chinese character.

Even the combination of two hexagrams can only put down the general Chinese character list.

Because if the line is divided into two hexagrams, two lines must be used as check digits. In fact, only fourteen lines are used for encoding.

The upper limit of encoding capacity is actually 380 four.

The R&D craftsmen took this into consideration.

So although such a long byte is actually not used now.

The current hard disk and memory cannot store and recall all Chinese characters for display.

However, as the first set of general-purpose computers used on a large scale, the impact on the underlying rules of future computers must be considered.

This concept has been emphasized by Zhu Jingyuan many times.

Don't just focus on the present when doing things, you must prepare in advance to establish relatively reasonable rules.

Therefore, the length of the hexagrams of this computer is still selected as sixteen lines.

The sixteenth line took out one for verification, and there were still fifteen left.

The coding capacity is still 3 eight, which is twice as large as the capacity of two eight-line hexagrams.

This can accommodate more than [-] Chinese characters.

Compared with the general-purpose computer of the previous life, the basic byte length of the three-type computer has doubled.

Therefore, although the ledger and the bottom ledger are directly converted according to the 1024 system, the result is 64K and 32K.

But the actual capacity is actually equivalent to 128K and 64K in the previous life.

This is already a very high number.

On this basis, since one byte can represent a Chinese character.

Therefore, in this computer system system, the memory or hard disk has the capacity of the hexagrams, and exactly how many Chinese characters can be recorded in the state of plain text.

It is very convenient for users to estimate capacity requirements.

In fact, in the computer system of Zhu Jingyuan's previous life, an English letter occupies exactly one byte.

The capacity of the computer can also directly correspond to the number of letters.

However, the capacity unit of the Windows computer system, which was the most widely used by folks in the previous life, adopted the 1024 base system.

The tenth power of two is carried once, and K, M, G, T are used as units.

Daming's computers don't have a carry system yet...

It is still expressed directly according to the normal numbers such as ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand, billion, trillion, and Beijing.

The hard disk capacity of this computing machine is as follows:

"Ku: 670 million characters."

This is the result of omitting numbers below ten thousand, followed by a mantissa of seven thousand 210 six.

Zhu Jingyuan calculated it in his head. According to the 1024 system, it is 16M, but the actual capacity is equivalent to 32M in the previous life.

Well, this is a big hard drive.

The memory is the ledger, so the hard disk is naturally the warehouse, and in fact it is indeed the data warehouse.

The meanings of ledger and warehouse are very different, and most people should not confuse them.

At the same time, this also shows that whether it is a ledger, a bottom ledger, or a library, that is, the running memory, read-only memory, and hard disk are all physically produced in binary.

Because the hardware performance of early computing machines was very limited, directly performing binary alignment on the hard level to facilitate program calls can also slightly improve hardware performance.

It's just that the capacity marked by the Ministry of Industry actually subconsciously adopted the traditional decimal system.

So this data will get bigger and bigger, and it is almost never possible to have simple integers.

What Zhu Jingyuan can imagine is that Daming's computer has directly entered the sixteen-line mode from the very beginning.

Then in the new era of computer popularization, many small procedural problems can be avoided natively.

Under the eight-bit rule of a byte, the maximum number of codes that can be accommodated in a single byte is 256, ranging from 0 to 255.

If the programmer does not set in advance to allow two bytes to be processed, there may be problems with data exceeding 255.

Or simply ban values ​​above 255.

On Daming's computer, this upper limit will be raised to 65535, directly exceeding the range of commonly used numbers.

But this will also expose similar problems later.

The time to pay attention will also be later.

In a similar situation, there is a problem that the 32-bit system supports a maximum of 4G memory.

When it appears on Daming's computer, it should also be the time when 4G is calculated in binary.

But the actual capacity of this memory is equivalent to 8G in the previous life.

A computer with 8G memory will be impacted significantly later than 4G.

As we all know, the fewer problems a tool has and the longer it has been popular and used, the more old people will be left behind and the greater the resistance will be when it really comes time to upgrade.

It is conceivable that if no one vigorously promotes it, the 32-bit system after Ming Dynasty will be more stubborn.

But with myself, I can promote pure 64-bit processors before personal computers and smartphones become popular.

As the emperor himself, he can control the entire Ming Dynasty, and even influence the entire world.

You can do things yourself at no cost.

Specific rules and systems can be forced to be formulated in advance to avoid a lot of confusion and trouble.

For example, before the popularization of personal computers and mobile phones in Ming Dynasty, the processor and system were directly upgraded to 64-bit.

Then there will be no storage and computing bottlenecks in my lifetime.

Zhu Jingyuan considered these situations in his heart, evaluated and reviewed the development of the semiconductor industry in Daming and his previous life, and felt that it was necessary to do something now.

It is time to propose a new stage of development direction, goals and rules for the computer industry of Ming Dynasty.

So Zhu Jingyuan continued to ask questions about coding.

Although Wang Lai has just been transferred to the Ministry of Industry, but he is a craftsman who was born in the system, and he also needs to use a computer.

I am very familiar with this mechanism and know how they are designed and manufactured.

"Your Majesty, for the time being, only 120 dot matrix data of fonts in the bottom account have been made.

"There are eighty Chinese characters, including the sixteen numbers zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eighty, ninety, one hundred, one thousand, one trillion trillion.

"The others are dedicated symbols and command-control keys.

"Currently, each Chinese character directly corresponds to a button, and a button directly corresponds to a command.

"However, the encoding library has already completed the capacity of all standard Chinese characters.

"If you don't use the display screen, you can use the keyboard to control the typewriter to type out the corresponding words according to the rules of the typewriter.

"With the motor directly driving the typewriter, the key has become an ordinary button.

"There is no problem of heavy typewriter typefaces.

"Now the fastest secretary can type about [-] words per minute.

"The clarity of the typed text is also very close to that of a printing press."

Zhu Jingyuan was quite satisfied after hearing this.

In the computer invented by Daming himself, of course, there is no case problem inside the system, and at the same time, there is no problem of full-width and half-width.

Numbers in Chinese characters are also characters, and can also be represented by a position, so Arabic numerals are not added.

In this way, eighty Chinese characters are arranged on the keyboard, and enough control keys are still left.

Now as long as the capacity of the computer can continue to increase, it is only a matter of time before all Chinese characters can be displayed.

Zhu Jingyuan asked some more detailed questions, and asked the craftsmen to open the shell of the cabinet and check the internal structure.

Including the huge hard disk weighing hundreds of kilograms, and the magnetic core memory composed of full lines and magnetic rings.

After visiting the computer of Qintianjian, the main purpose is to find out the current situation.

Then Zhu Jingyuan said to Wang Lai:
"In the afternoon, I called a meeting of artisans related to computing machines, and I had some new ideas...

"It's fine in the meeting room of the Ministry of Industry. If there are more people there, you can speak more clearly."

Without hesitation, Wang Lai hurriedly agreed, even with obvious surprise.

If Zhu Jingyuan had any new ideas, that was what the craftsmen could only wish for.

In the eyes of the craftsmen, the present His Majesty is the living ancestor of Emperor Guangwu, and he is simply the god of the craftsmen.

I wish Zhu Jingyuan would come to his department every day to mention his wonderful ideas.

Zhu Jingyuan returned to the office directly after making arrangements.

Screen off all the entourage, and open a locked cabinet next to his desk.

Pull out a locked safe from inside.

Use the key you carry with you to open the lock on the top, and then adjust the password of the mechanical structure to open this special box.

Inside this extremely important box, almost all of it is filled with papers and books.

It was all written and drawn by Zhu Jingyuan himself.

Zhu Zhongliang gave advice to Zhu Jingyuan more than ten years ago, and wrote down the ideas he thought of in time.

If the craftsmen couldn't realize it at the time, they could save it for later use.

Lest I think of it at the time and forget it after a while.

This incident reminded Zhu Jingyuan that memory is bound to be blurred.

Especially in the case of long-term non-contact.

If you write it down on paper by category, it will not be so easy to forget.

At that time in Mengxian, Zhu Jingyuan's writings were directly read by Zhu Zhongliang.

Later, the two were not together, and Zhu Jingyuan continued to maintain this habit.

After more than ten years of continuous recall and writing, Zhu Jingyuan felt that there were not many things left in his mind.

Time can really make people forget a lot of things.

Especially things that seemed unimportant or even disgusting in previous lives.

When he arrived in Lion City, Zhu Jianyan also asked Zhu Jingyuan to observe and analyze all aspects of Daming's data and situation in a timely manner.

If you find any problems and have any ideas, you will also write them down for him to read.

At first Zhu Jingyuan did write reports for Zhu Jianyan, but after a long time, Zhu Jingyuan wrote his own ideas.

Although Zhu Jingyuan really wanted to say, who is a decent person who keeps a diary?

But in this world, I really can't be regarded as a serious person, I am a foreign traveler.

Of course I am not a normal person, I really have to keep a diary.

It should be said that it cannot be regarded as a diary, it can only be regarded as a note, and it is not a completely private note.

Because you have to consider showing it to your father and grandpa.

Therefore, the recording methods of these notes deliberately avoided the habits of previous lives.

Fit the situation of this world as much as possible, and use the nouns and expressions of this world to express.

And between the lines, a plan has been prepared for future generations to observe.

So that future generations can understand it, and at the same time, it will not feel particularly strange, so that I feel like I was born knowing it.

Like a native genius, not a time-traveler.

Zhu Zhongliang's exhortation made Zhu Jingyuan start to carefully and carefully classify and write "ideas" at the engineering and technical level.

Zhu Jianyan's request made Zhu Jingyuan turn the economic and political experience and assumptions he had seen in his previous life into his own "thinking".

In the past ten years, Zhu Jingyuan has slowly written down a large number of notes and drawings.

These things are definitely the highest-level top-secret documents in the world.

Zhu Jingyuan even suspected that even if Emperor Shizu left a pamphlet, it might not be comparable to his own.

Because according to the analysis of what Emperor Shizu left behind, he is just an ordinary person in many ways.

It should be a liberal arts, so I have more experience in history and politics.

I can't say that my level is higher than that of Emperor Shizu, but I may have more hobbies than Emperor Shizu.

First of all, I am a key politician, so I am very familiar with various political ideas and current affairs at home and abroad.

Then I am still a military fan, and I am very familiar with modern military equipment and technology.

At the same time, he is still a lingering computer enthusiast and is very familiar with the development of computers and semiconductors.

Of course, I am still a gamer...

The most important thing is that his current conditions are much better than those of Emperor Shizu.

Many things that he would not be able to do even if he knew about it, he is now able to do them.

Many facts that he knew but could not explain, and that others could not understand, have now become reality.

So I can do many things by myself.

Zhu Jingyuan sat in front of the imperial case and looked through his notes and drawings.

Many things, the memory in my mind has been blurred, and now I need to review, restore and strengthen the memory.

At the same time, find inventions and designs suitable for the current technical level from your own notes and drawings.

Daming's computer level has reached the level of the mid-60s in his previous life.

Then try harder on your own, and it won't be difficult to push it to the level of the 80s in the previous life in another ten years.

In the original history, by the early 80s, it was already the era of microprocessors.

Flash memory particles have also appeared, and the memory has reached the 16MB level.

The earliest discrete graphics cards also appeared.

Early personal computers and game consoles basically took shape here.

Guide yourself in this direction, avoid some unnecessary pitfalls in advance, and work hard to make a miracle, maybe you can achieve it faster.

In the original history, the center of science and technology after World War II was the United States, a commercialized country.

Many technological upgrades are promoted or implemented by commercial companies.

There is a lot of compromise and waste in this.

Now Daming has the ability to concentrate on big things, and his technical level is world-leading.

Coupled with guiding the right direction by myself, it is normal for technology to upgrade faster.

Even if it is not enough to be popularized in the market, it should be no problem if it is exclusively used by research institutions and yourself.

In fact, this is also in line with their own ideas.

Before popularizing it to the whole people, the technical specifications should be raised as much as possible.

When the number of users is small, the obstacles encountered in leapfrog upgrades are smaller, and the historical burden on the shoulders is smaller.

Zhu Jingyuan ate at Wenhua Hall at noon, and took his secretaries to the Ministry of Industry at two o'clock in the afternoon.

Sikong, Minister of Industry and below, main officials and senior craftsmen greeted the emperor at the gate together.

After saluting and saying hello, a group of people surrounded Zhu Jingyuan and entered the conference room prepared in advance.

Asking everyone to sit down, Zhu Jingyuan took his own notebook and a few selected drawings, and began to explain his ideas one by one, and put forward his suggestions and requirements.

First came microprocessors and large scale integrated circuits.

The basis is the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, or CMOS chip.

Manufacture micron process-level processors, and dedicated accounting chips (memory) of more than 20 million words ([-]MB).

Flying head hard disks using the principle of aircraft lift, as well as the technical direction of floppy disks and optical disks.

Then a batch of data and design standards related to computers and displays were drafted.

These include typical business and personal computer designs.

In the end, several typical design ideas of flash memory chips were brought out, and it depends on whether the craftsmen can make them.