Chongzhen Daming: Starting from Coal Mountain

After arranging the production of flintlock guns, Chongzhen went straight back to the Imperial College.

The flintlock gun has been successfully built, and now it is the turn to develop the steam engine.

After finally having some free technology trees, Chongzhen planned to add a few more at once.

But Chongzhen also knew very well that the steam engine and the flintlock gun were not the same concept at all.

There are only a few main parts of a flintlock, but there are hundreds of parts in a steam engine.

Moreover, flintlock guns can cross the river by touching the technology of arquebus guns, but steam engines are a new thing. No craftsman in Ming Dynasty knows how to make steam engines?
Chongzhen also only knew the working principle of the steam engine.

The working principle of the steam engine is to use the expansion of water vapor to drive the flywheel to rotate and do work.

There are only three main components of a steam engine, the first is the flywheel and the transmission mechanism, the second is the cylinder and the reciprocating valve, and the third is the boiler.

Making the flywheel is definitely the easiest.

It is nothing more than founding and casting.

I don't care about the dynamic balance, as long as it can rotate.

There is no technical difficulty in the transmission mechanism connecting the flywheel.

Find a few old blacksmiths with excellent skills, and even the bearings can be made for you. It just takes a little more time, and the bearings can be made, and the hinges are no problem.

Building a boiler should be no problem.

To put it bluntly, a boiler is a container that can burn fire underneath. After the water in the furnace cavity is boiled, it will enter the cylinder through the pipes and control valves, and then push the piston.

There is tapping technology, and there is no technical difficulty in making valves.

No matter whether the boiler is rolled with iron plate or directly cast into shape, there is no problem.

The most difficult thing to manufacture is undoubtedly the cylinder and the piston inside the cylinder, but strictly speaking, it seems that it is not impossible, it is nothing more than letting the old blacksmith polish it a little bit.

Spend a little more time, and you can always polish a qualified cylinder and piston.

As long as the first steam engine is built and turned, the rest will be easy, because with the steam engine, it is no longer a problem to build an industrial mother machine.

Chongzhen first drew the flywheel mechanism, cylinder, piston and boiler respectively.

Then try to connect the flywheel to the cylinder and control valve with hinges and connecting rods.

When steam enters the left chamber of the cylinder and pushes the piston to the right, the connecting rod will push the flywheel. When the connecting rod and the force arm acting on the flywheel become a straight line, the connecting rod will lose its driving force, but the flywheel will be under the action of inertia Continue to turn, and then push the piston back through the connecting rod. At this time, the steam has to enter the right chamber of the cylinder.

Thinking of this, Chongzhen immediately opened a hole in the left and right chambers of the cylinder, and added sliders on the top.

After thinking about it, a cavity was opened under the middle of the slider, and a vent hole was opened in the middle.

Only in this way can the steam that is gradually cooled after the work is done be discharged, and new steam can enter the cylinder.

Then the slider is also connected to the flywheel through the connecting rod, but the direction must be staggered with the piston. When the piston is at the far left, the slider must be at the far right, and when the piston is at the far right, the slider must be at the far left.

Chongzhen briefly imitated the reciprocating movement of the lower piston in his mind, thinking that it should work.

This was somewhat beyond Chongzhen's expectation. He thought it might take ten days and half a month to draw the schematic sketch, but he didn't expect it to be drawn in only half a day.

...

But this is also related to the fact that the principle of the steam engine is too simple.

But in fact, the mechanical principle is often very simple, and the difficulty lies in piercing the window paper.

Before this layer of window paper is pierced, people in the world can't think of something that never existed even if they want to break the sky, but once they are pierced by this layer of window paper, they will find that it is nothing more than that.

After confirming that there was no problem with the principle, Chongzhen began to draw formal drawings again. Because there was no pencil, he could only use a quill pen. Therefore, if he made a mistake, he could not correct it, and had to scrap it and start drawing again.

For the next few days, Chongzhen kept drawing pictures without leaving home.

Flywheels, cylinders, pistons, bearings, connecting rods, boilers, iron pipes, sliders, etc., Chongzhen drew fake three-dimensional drawings and marked dimensions for each of them, and sometimes had to add cross-sectional drawings.

Chongzhen also thought about drawing three views directly, but no one could understand it.

Teach these illiterate blacksmiths in the Ming Dynasty to see three views?Forget it then.

It took almost ten days for Chongzhen to draw a complete set of sketches for the steam engine.

After the blueprint is drawn, it is time to find a suitable person to build the steam engine.

There were not many talents with scientific literacy in the Ming Dynasty, Fang Yizhi was one, and Song Yingxing was also one.

Apart from the two of them, I am afraid that there is only Xu Guangqi, but it is a pity that Xu Guangqi is dead.

Just when Chongzhen was about to send someone to summon Fang Yizhi and Song Yingxing, Gao Qi sneaked into his heart and said, "My lord, Lord Fang and Lord Song are asking to see you."

"I was looking for the two of them, but they came to my door." Chongzhen smiled and said, "Xuan."

Gao Qiqian immediately shouted to the outside of Yilun Hall with a high-pitched voice: "Xuan, the Gewu Division of the Internal Affairs Office will give Shizhong Yizhi, and the Gewu Division of the Internal Affairs Office will give Song Yingxing an audience."

Fang Yizhi and Song Yingxing came in quickly.

A few scholars followed behind the two of them.

These scholars were still holding a thick stack of books in their hands.

"Minister Fang Yizhi\/Song Yingxing kowtowed to the Holy One, and the Holy One is blessed and safe." Fang Yizhi paid respects to both of them.

"Pingshen." Chongzhen raised his hand, pointed to the stack of books and asked, "Is this the textbook you compiled?"

"Exactly." Fang Yizhi said, "It took more than two months, and I finally did not disgrace the holy order. I compiled the textbook catalogs of various subjects, and I invite the holy one to have a look."

Chongzhen immediately ordered scholars to present books.

Then pick up the first textbook above, which is a history textbook.

It’s not bad, the writing method of dating history is written from the time of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and a lot of short stories have been added. Guozijian students should like to read such history textbooks very much.

It's a pity that there is only a table of contents, not the full version.

If it is all, you have to add detailed content according to the directory.

This amount of work cannot be done by two people.

The second textbook is a medical textbook, which is divided into three parts: medicine, interrogation, and gold creation.

Fang Yizhi pointed to the medical textbooks and said, "Your Majesty, this catalog of medical textbooks was not compiled by the officials, but by Fu Shan and Wu Youke in the Department of Medicine."

"Well, it's pretty good." Chongzhen was quite satisfied with the medical textbooks.

Turning casually to the end of the Jinchuang chapter, Chongzhen discovered an even bigger surprise.

...

"Jinchuang heartbroken syndrome? Jinchuang various diseases? Surgery is authentic?" Chongzhen couldn't believe it. In his impression, Chinese medicine seemed to only ask questions about internal medicine, but after reading this textbook, he found that it was not the case at all. It turns out that not only surgery exists in traditional Chinese medicine, but it is also quite advanced.

Jinchuangchangchanghou chapter introduces intestinal anastomosis in abdominal surgery.

Jinchuang's various diseases also introduces the surgical operation of broken bones in detail.

The authentic article on surgery even introduces in detail the anesthetic before surgery—Hui Xiangcao San!
This is really a surprise, but the subject of traditional Chinese medicine is extensive and profound, and it is useless to dabble briefly, so it is necessary to set up a medical school in the Imperial College to train doctors.

The other students of Guozijian do not need to study medicine.

It seemed that Fu Shan and Wu Youke had to come to the Guozijian later.

While thinking this way, Chongzhen continued to read the textbooks.

But when he turned to the third textbook, Chongzhen frowned.

Because this is a mathematics textbook, and it has the same routine as an ancient book like Nine Chapters on Arithmetic.

It is not based on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, four mixed operations, fractions, algebra... Such writing from the shallower to the deeper, but the problem-solving of specific application problems.

Chongzhen simply flipped through it, and there were almost a few hundred questions.

And these hundreds of questions are not from the shallower to the deeper, but the difficulty is randomly distributed.

Turning to physics again, it is almost a simplified version of physics knowledge, just a little knowledge one by one, completely unsystematic.

Chemistry is not too different, it is all a little knowledge, that is, the creation of heavenly things, physics knowledge and some ancient metallurgical knowledge have been screened.

Seeing this, Chongzhen's brows had already turned into a pimple.

Such textbooks are not systematic and useless at all.

It can also be seen from this that the empirical subjects of Chinese civilization are still very powerful.

However, the disciplines of logic systems are shockingly weak. This is also the main reason why Chinese civilization has made little progress in mathematics, physics, chemistry and other disciplines in modern times.

It seems that we can only rely on Boym for the textbooks of mathematics, physics and chemistry. I hope this foreign priest can fool Pascal and Descartes over.

At this time, Chongzhen missed Tang Ruowang even more.

Tang Ruowang is really knowledgeable, he has dabbled in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry and even medicine, and his attainments are quite deep, he can be called a great talent.

Writing textbooks is a piece of cake for him.

Unfortunately, Tang Ruowang chose to stay in Beijing.

I don't know if Jiannu will reuse Tang Ruowang?

If Dorgon has the knowledge of people and reuses Tang Ruowang, it may be really troublesome, because Tang Ruowang is really capable of raising Jiannu's firearms to a big level.

If this is the case, we will really enter the age of firearms!
From now on it will be a war of guns and steel.

……

"Tang Ruowang, is this your new almanac?"

Dorgon looked solemnly at the thick stack of almanacs that Tang Ruowang had just presented.

...

Since ancient times, Chinese civilization has paid attention to respecting the heaven and ancestors. Dorgon was deeply influenced by Han culture, and he also attached great importance to the compilation of almanacs, because almanacs represent heaven, and heaven's will belongs!
If a dynasty does not even have its own almanac, it is not an orthodox dynasty.

So the first thing Dorgon did after he came to Beijing was to find someone from Qin Tianjian to rewrite the almanac.

After spending more than a year, Tang Ruowang finally compiled 108 volumes of "New Almanac" on the basis of "Chongzhen Almanac" and dedicated it to Dorgon for imperial reading.

"His Majesty the Prince Regent." Tang Ruowang said very respectfully, "This is the new almanac specially compiled by the minister for the Qing Dynasty. It has 108 volumes in total. I invite the Holy Judge."

"Okay, I will take the time to read this almanac as soon as possible."

Yes, Dorgon has already started to call himself "I", since the little emperor of Shunzhi called him "Huang Ama", why should he not call himself "I"?It doesn't make sense.

And Bumbutai, now also his queen.

Now, Dorgon is actually short of an enthronement ceremony.

But whether to take this last step, Dorgon hesitated.

The main reason is that the little emperor Shunzhi and Bumbutai are too docile, so it seems to be a good result to maintain it like this, because even if he ascends the throne, he does not intend to abolish Shunzhi.

Yes, Dorgon has changed his mind. He no longer wants to make Duoduo the Emperor Taiji, or adopt one of Duoduo's sons as the stepson, and then make the stepson the prince. Where are you going?Maybe he is not more filial than Shunzhi, but Shunzhi is really filial to him now.

Sometimes Dorgon even had the illusion that Shunzhi was his son.

Tang Ruowang said again: "Father, Your Majesty the Regent, I still have two books to present."

After finishing speaking, Tang Ruowang took out two thread-bound books from his sleeve and said: "These two books, one is Huo Gong Qi Yao, and the other is Kun Yu Ge Zhi, of which Kun Yu Ge Zhi has a total of twelve volumes. Only the first volume was brought."

"Fire attack contract?" Dorgon's eyes lit up, and he asked, "Who introduced Western firearms?"

"Yes, the Fire Attack mainly introduces Europa's artillery technology." Tang Ruowang said, "This Kunyu Gezhi is my translation of the "Complete Book of Mining and Metallurgy" by Agricola, a Prussian mining and metallurgy scientist. It introduces a lot of metallurgical knowledge in detail, if this book is promulgated, it can greatly improve the level of mining and metallurgy in the Qing Dynasty."

Dorgon's heart moved when he heard the words, and he asked again: "Tang Ruowang, do you understand firearms?"

"I understand." Tang Ruowang smiled slightly, and said again, "I dare not lie to the emperor's father, His Majesty the Regent, that I once supervised the manufacture of cannons for Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, and its performance is far superior to other artillery."

Dorgon became more and more happy when he heard the words, and now he picked up the treasure.

Although Kong Youde and the others can also make cannons, they can only follow the example of the gourd. It is beyond their ability to let them improve the performance of the red cannon. I hope Tang Ruowang will not let him down again.

Then there is the improvement of the matchlock gun. The reason why the Southern Expedition failed this time, according to Duoduo's narration, is that the firearms of the Ming army were too powerful, especially the tiger squatting gun and the Lumi blunderbuss.

At that moment Dorgon asked: "Tang Ruowang, can you make a cannon that is as light as the tiger crouching cannon but more powerful? Can you also make a Western blunderbuss that is more powerful than the Lumi blunderbuss?"

Tang Ruowang thought for a while and said: "I have never seen a cannon like the tiger squat cannon in the West, but the structure of the tiger squat cannon is flawed. I can try to improve it. I believe that the tiger squat cannon after my improvement. The squatting cannon, its lethality must be better than the tiger squatting cannon of the Ming army, as for the Lumi gun..."

After a short pause, Tang Ruowang said again: "Actually, there is a better gun in the West, called the flintlock gun."

"Flintlock?" Dorgon asked, "The flintlock you mentioned is more powerful than the Lumi gun?"

"Yes, it is more powerful than the Lumi gun." In order to win the permission to preach freely in Beizhi, Tang Ruowang really took out all the reserves at the bottom of the box.