Brother Zhu Youxiao

Chapter 659 Extra Story ([-]) Ming International Law

Time flies, when it quietly brought people to the 31st year of Tianqi, some old officials from the Wanli period inevitably began to wither gradually.

With such changes and the purge of the fifth major case, the traditional Confucian school began to decline, and the official school with scientific cognition rose.

The appearance of the official school of thought represented that the ruling class of Ming Dynasty further realized the power of science, and the situation they faced was unprecedentedly conducive to technological innovation.

The Apocalypse Dynasty was different from the Qing Dynasty. In terms of the factors of class rulers excluded in the Qing Dynasty, the land resources that could be used were seriously insufficient.

Although the Qing Dynasty had Mobei, the Western Regions, and Qinghai-Tibet, with the level of science and technology at that time, people could not farm in these places. The only places that could develop were the traditional two capitals and thirteen provinces, and the Northeast, which was not allowed to enter by Han people in the middle and early stages.

The dense population of [-] million people is crowded into the territory of the two capitals and thirteen provinces, which has caused manpower in many provinces to be so cheap that manpower has wiped out cattle farming.

Even after the Opium War, the rural homecloth still sold out the textiles produced by the British steam engine for a long time.

The British took it to the textile factory to ask, and in the end it was simply impossible to make it with the same quality and lower price.

The cost of manpower is lower than that of machinery, so it is difficult to generate demand for machinery in the market. This is the difference faced by the officials of the Tianqi Dynasty.

Although the land utilization rate in many provinces such as Hezhong, Lingbei, Anxi, Beiting, Shanyu, and Uzang is extremely low, Daming still has vast land waiting to be developed.

As of the 31st year of Apocalypse, the population of Daming in Jiugang was only over 2000 million, that of the four northeastern provinces was less than 400 million, that of Nanzhou was only [-] million, and that of Taixi was only more than [-].

These sparsely populated places have a lot of land waiting to be developed, and as the means of production in this era, no dynasty would dislike their own arable land.

Moreover, this is only the external situation, and the internal situation is also different.

In the 31 years of Apocalypse, the population of Yunnan was only more than 200 million, Guizhou was only 450 million, Sichuan was only 600 million, and Guangxi and Guangdong combined were only [-] million.

Among these provinces, Sichuan alone has no less than 8000 million mu of arable land that can be developed, while Daming currently only has less than 4000 million mu of developed land.

Except for the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River, no province in Ming Dynasty dared to say that it had a dense population.

Even in the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River, their situation gradually weakened during the Tianqi period.

In the 23rd year of Tianqi, the population of the three provinces was close to 8000 million.

However, in the 31st year of Tianqi, due to the continuous increase of trains and ships, the population of the three provinces was moved by Zhu Ciran and dropped by 7000 million.

In eight years, tens of millions of people were relocated to Nanzhou, Jiugang, Jiaozhi, Luchuan, Yingzhou and other places.

Of course, forced immigration also made the court's reputation not so good.

Compared with the ten years after the migration of the people during the reign of King Qi, there is still an 87% retention rate, and the retention rate during the Zhu Ciran period is only 49%...

This also shows the difference between active migration and passive migration.

But Zhu Ciran didn't care so much, because he needed to give the influence of Zhejiang and Jiangxi to the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River except Nanzhili.

His ideas are more in line with those of the official school.

The official school wants to use technology to develop a large amount of land to be developed, but even if it is a tractor that reclaims [-] acres of wasteland every year, it needs at least three people to operate it.

Therefore, only by immigrating first can tractors be issued, and then cultivated land can be reclaimed and taxes can be paid stably.

It has to be said that in the face of interests, ordinary people can only be arranged by officials for a lifetime.

In June of the 31st year of the Apocalypse, Zhang Jian, the head of the household department, said that Jiangnan was densely populated and the people were not divided into many lands.

Zhang Jian's proposal fit Zhu Ciran's ideas, but was rejected by Sun Chuanting, Jin Xuan, Yan Yinshao and others.

The three believed that the relocation policy for the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River should maintain the policy of the Qi Dynasty, so as to maintain the economy of the south of the Yangtze River and allow the people to relocate willingly.

But Zhu Ciran thinks that this kind of migration is too slow, and it is true.

In the past eight years, the number of people who migrated from the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River was only about 70 each year, and most of them migrated to Qi, and only 10,000+ migrated to the provinces of Ming Dynasty.

A population of 70 may seem like a lot, but it is still too small compared to the total population of 7000 million in the three Jiangnan provinces.

These various problems eventually led to Zhu Ciran breaking the policies of Qi Wang Zhu Youjian for the first time.

On the tenth day of the seventh month, Zhu Ciran, the prince of Jianguo, ordered the relocation of the population of villages in the south of the Yangtze River with less than three acres of arable land per capita...

This policy was quickly implemented, because Zhu Ciran regarded the relocated population and the per capita acreage as one of the achievements of officials, and once things were involved with the achievements of officials, it would become difficult to control.

For a while, the railways in the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River became busy.

In just three months, more than [-] people from the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River were forcibly relocated.

The local officials led the yamen soldier Ma Si to move and drive them away.

People who are timid are intimidating, and when they are sloppy and rolling, they will knock down the houses and burn the rice fields while he is out to work.

When encountering those who are not afraid of death, they use the issue of children's schooling to threaten them.

For a while, the people in the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River were in danger, and they dragged their families to move without officials visiting.

During this period, many people thought of the enlightenment during King Qi's reign, and many poems praising King Qi's period emerged, and at the same time they dragged their families to move to Qi State.

Since most of the officials in power were common people and students during King Qi's period, even though most people found out about this matter, none of them took the initiative to bring it up.

It wasn't until July of the 32nd year of the Apocalypse that Hu Ke gave Yao Qisheng an educative report on the matter, and Zhu Ciran discovered that in the past six months, the number of people who had migrated to Qi had reached 47, which was twice the number in the 31st year of the Apocalypse.

However, Zhu Ciran did not issue a policy to stop it, but stopped the policy of forced relocation.

Afterwards, according to the statistics of Sun Kewang, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, in the past year, 72 households and 290 million people were forcibly relocated in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces.

As of October 32, Apocalypse, the population of Nanzhili was over 640 million, that of Zhejiang was over 860 million, and that of Jiangxi was over [-] million. The total population of the three provinces was over [-] million.

Although less than 300 million people have migrated, the per capita arable land in the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River has reached three mu per capita.

It's just that the result of this forced relocation is that the atmosphere of openness among the people has been further broken, and the people's trust in the imperial court has further declined.

In Dongyue, King Qi Zhu Youjian wrote a letter from home to Zhu Ciran.

In the letter, Zhu Youjian suggested that Zhu Ciran should not be too anxious. After all, he is still young, and now that Jiangnan's share of Daming's economy is further declining, he can boil frogs in warm water.

After reading Zhu Youjian's family letter, Zhu Ciran also changed Jiangnan's immigration policy back to the independent policy of Zhu Youjian's period.

When Zhu Cihong, who was in the south of the Yangtze River, changed the policy back, the people in the south of the Yangtze River rejoiced and wrote to Zhu Ciran.

After reading it, Zhu Ciran remained silent, and immediately ordered the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River to be exempted from agricultural taxes for one year.

At the same time, Zhu Youxiao, as the emperor, was also implicated by his son, so he had to issue an edict of guilt.

Zhu Ciran successfully learned through practice that his uncle's policy is the most correct, but the cost of his trial and error was too high.

Three years and one year of Jiangnan agricultural tax, and the emperor's sinful edict...

If Zhu Ciran hadn't been the prince of Jian Guo, this price would have been enough to ruin the political careers of a group of high-ranking officials.

After this incident, Zhu Ciran also became more cautious about various policy changes. He no longer made changes to the policies of Zhu Youjian's period, but maintained the policies by fighting corruption and rectifying the administration of officials.

The effect of this is also very obvious. The common people quickly forgot the wrong things Zhu Ciran did before, and instead praised him and the emperor again.

This kind of performance was also recorded by Zhu Cihong, who often traveled around the world, and sent it to Zhu Ciran every week in the form of family letters.

Under such circumstances, the 33 years of Apocalypse passed smoothly, and the situation in various countries in the world is also changing.

Over the past few years, with or without Ming's support, countries around the world have experienced many events that are worthy of being recorded in history.

The workers and peasants in Cromwell, England, and the Welsh region struggled to resist Charles I's army.

During this period, Scotland rebelled again, and Charles I faced the situation of fighting on two fronts.

It just so happened that Daming and Qi used natural disasters as an excuse to reduce their support to Britain, and the volume of goods flowing into the Port of London dropped from 12 tons per year to [-] tons.

Such changes have caused prices in the UK to soar, residents to suffer unspeakably, and anti-war attitudes among the people have become increasingly high.

In order to avoid the outbreak of rebellion in the country, causing the country to fall into three-sided battles, Charles I had to reduce the frequency of wars.

At the same time, the situation on the European continent was also changing.

Ming Dynasty reduced its support to Spain, prices began to increase slowly, and the voices of civil war weariness in France, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Denmark and other countries became louder and louder, and the war between the two camps also started from Apocalypse 31 Began to fall into a long confrontation.

In the 32nd year of Apocalypse, under the leadership of Ferdinand III, the countries that could not continue to fight finally decided to negotiate peace.

As for the peace talks in Europe, Ming and Qi intend to stop them, but if they want to stop the war, unless they can provide enough materials to stabilize the prices of all countries and make them profit.

If this is the case, then the cost that Daming and Qi need to pay is too great.

Therefore, in October of the 32nd year of the Apocalypse, Daming sent Yan Yingyuan, Minister of Rites, and Qi State sent Zhang Jiayu, Minister of Rites, to participate in the peace talks. At the same time, they were preparing to sign trade contracts with various countries to maintain Ming's interests in the European market.

In May of the 33rd year of Tianqi, Zhang Jiayu and Yan Yingyuan arrived in Vienna.

After five months of mutual games and wrangling, European countries signed the "Vienna Peace Treaty" on the seventh day of October. At the same time, Ming and Qi also signed the "Vienna Trade Treaty" with other countries.

At this point, the 35-year religious war was declared over.

For the world, this war affected the economy of the Great Ming Dynasty in the first ten years, leading to a shortage of silver in the Great Ming Dynasty.

As for the next two decades, this war gave Ming and Qi the opportunity to obtain the colonies of other countries at a relatively small cost.

For Europe, the "35 Years War" promoted the formation of European nation-states.

However, due to the support of Ming Dynasty, the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Empire were not suppressed in the war. Therefore, compared with the historical "Westphalian Peace Treaty", many dependent countries under the Holy Roman Empire are still part of itself.

Such a change will make modern international relations such as the principles of national territory, sovereignty, and independence disappear in later generations of international relations.

Along with it, European international social relations and European international law disappeared.

Instead, it is Ming's international social relations and international law.

In the "Vienna Trade Contract", the Ming Dynasty proposed to take the "Law of the Ming Dynasty" as the main body and add some laws of various countries to form the world's first "International Law".

Whether it is trade, diplomacy, war, or personal crimes, these will be recorded in international law, further promoting the trade and diplomacy of countries, and the rules of war.

This proposal was proposed by Zhang Jiayu, Minister of Rites of the State of Qi, and Yan Yingyuan, Minister of Rites of Daming, agreed.

Perhaps in order to obtain trade qualifications with Daming and bank loans to resume post-war construction, countries have approved this proposal, but for the content of the "International Law", countries need to send corresponding legal officials to jointly formulate.

To put it simply, Daming gained the greatest benefit at the smallest cost in this war.

Compared with the Ming Dynasty, because the Holy Roman Empire was the main battlefield of the "35 Years War", its economy was greatly damaged. Therefore, after the war, about 70% of the population of its subordinate states were wiped out, and nearly half of them were male. Death, very tragic.

Although the German nation is not as divided as it has been historically, their population has declined more than it has historically.

According to the actions of Zhang Jiayu, the Minister of Rites of the State of Qi, during the six months after the signing of the peace agreement, he wrote in his handwriting that "the household registration is halved, and there are no men in the countryside".

Compared with Zhang Jiayu, Yan Yingyuan, the servant of the Ministry of Rites of the Ming Dynasty, recorded in more detail.

Yan Yingyuan served in the Southern Kunlun Supervision and Envoy Division for 15 years, so he has learned European languages.

In addition, the fleets under the command of nobles from various countries have received his favor, so his connections in Europe are very good.

Against this background, he quickly obtained intelligence that only the participating countries possessed.

In the "35 Years War", the Protestant League lost about 17 troops, and the Catholic League lost about 35 troops.

In addition, during the war, the people in the Germanic region have been in dire straits, and a large number of people are dying almost every day, which makes the population of Germany decline at a rapid rate.

According to the description of Yan Yingyuan by the nobles of the Holy Roman Empire, the population of the Holy Roman Empire before the war was about 600 million to 2000 million.

But after the war, the country's population was less than 1000 million, which shows the devastation of the war.

The sudden drop in population caused economic crises in the Holy Roman Empire one after another, the handicraft industry was almost completely destroyed, and the fiscal revenue may not be half of what it was before the war.

As for other countries, they also suffered heavy blows. Not to mention the loss of the Spanish Empire overseas and colonies in Portugal, the Netherlands, etc., its domestic population also dropped from about 1000 million before the war to 800 million.

Not only that, this war dealt a heavy blow to the Habsburg dynasty, which controlled the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Empire, and made it impossible to restore Catholic rule in Europe and establish a unified empire.

Although France won some areas from Spain, millions of people in the border areas of the country were also displaced, and the frontier economy was fragmented.

Sweden did not receive large indemnities like in history, nor did it gain the hegemony of the Baltic Sea, but Sweden's position in the north has been consolidated under the situation that European countries have suffered heavy losses.

Coupled with the "Vienna Trade Contract" signed with Daming, its domestic economy may be able to rise to the top.

Except for these four countries, some other countries benefited and some suffered.

Among them, Portugal and the Netherlands are the most conspicuous.

After the "35 Years" War, the Netherlands ended its long War of Independence. Although it gained independence, the loss of its colonies forced it to continue trading to repay the national debt of the domestic people.

As for Portugal, because it is located in the westernmost part of Europe, and it is a country that Ming helped to establish, it not only succeeded in independence throughout the war, but also became a leader in Western Europe's economy with the dual help of Ming and Qi. After Spain and France.

Speaking of the last Britain, from the perspective of Charles I's pre-war rights, Britain may be the most seriously damaged in this war.

If it wasn't for Daming and Qi Guo's continuous blood transfusions, he might have been overthrown by the parliament long ago, and he is already confused at this moment.

These are the changes in the situation in Western and Central Europe in the 34 years since the Apocalypse.

Of course, Eastern Europe was not peaceful either. Tsarist Russia and Poland were at war, and Mongolia and Ottomans were coming and going.

It's just that compared to their impact on the world, they seem very limited.

However, it is also worth mentioning the conscription brought about by the 35 Years War.

Western Europe and Central Europe successively established a conscription system, and at the same time established a standing army and a logistics system to enable the army to carry out protracted warfare, allowing the European army to be gradually streamlined to meet the requirements of mobile warfare.

In addition, Ming Dynasty imported about 20 flintlock guns and more than 3000 artillery pieces during the war.

This led to early military reforms in Europe.

Line tactics and three-stage tactics landed on the stage of history in advance, and the European army was equipped with flintlock guns nearly half a century earlier.

Since he was unable to fight against Ming and Qi, and his country was in urgent need of economic construction, Philip IV launched a war to the south in the fourth month after the signing of the "Vienna Peace Treaty" and "Vienna Trade Agreement".

The coastline of northern North Africa became his target, and many local natives became Spain's new labor force.

Portugal, the Netherlands and other countries also joined the war one after another. This war was called the "Slave Catching War" by the Ming Dynasty, and it was called the symbolic event of the civilization of the Leviian continent together with the "Northern Movement" of the Leviian feudal clans...

　The update at 9 or [-] o'clock today ([-]th) has to be delayed due to work. It is estimated that the update will be around [-] or [-] o'clock in the evening.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)