Three Kingdoms: Ancestors of the Han Dynasty

After Zhuge Liang's death, a series of problems arose in the country, which can be regarded as the follow-up of the last time the official valley of corruption in Shu County.

Zhuge Liang was in power for 20 years in the state of Shu Han. In the early and middle period, due to the centralization of power on him and his diligence, the officials of Shu Han were clean and honest.

However, as Zhuge Liang began to lead the army, he has been fighting outside all year round, the lack of supervision system, the expansion of territory, and the lack of talent and officials.Especially in the later period of Zhuge Liang, who had been sitting in Guanzhong for a long time and suffered from illness, it was difficult for domestic officials to take care of them, and the problems in the administration of officials became prominent in the past few years.

The emergence of the Corruption of Mo Guangu case can be seen as one of the corruptions in the administration of officials.In order to solve this problem, Liu Chan rebuilt Yushitai to rectify the internal problems of Shu County.However, due to the outbreak of the war against Wu, Liu Chan had to postpone the rectification of officials in the northwest and Yizhou areas.

Today, taking advantage of Shu County's hidden population, Liu Chan let the rebuilt Yushitai show its edge, and rectified the bureaucratic issues in the Northwest and Bashu areas, and also repaired the tyrants who were restless because of Zhuge Liang's death.

But these are not enough, we should strike while the iron is hot to see if there is a plan to better manage the administration of officials.After all, as the monarch Liu Chan, if the officials are well governed, the problems of the people will naturally be solved.

What is a ruler?

It is nothing more than several contents such as selecting talents and promoting talents, knowing people to do well, strict assessment, and fair rewards and punishments.

Now as a government official, Liu Chan naturally kept Dong Yun, Du Shu, Liao Li and other cronies behind after the court meeting, to see if they could come up with some better ideas from this time to rectify the government. After all, Yushitai and Sili The school captain and other inspectors are the protagonists in this drama.

In the side hall, Liu Chan entertained everyone in the name of rewarding everyone for their hard work.

After the banquet, Liu Chan leaned back against the table, his expression slowed down, and said: "The officials are not clear, and the people are in trouble. What happened in the past month should be taken as a warning. However, this method is not a method to cure the root cause. I want to Cure the root, I wonder if you have any suggestions?"

As soon as these words came out, Dong Yun, Du Shu, Ma Liang and others bowed their heads and thought about what His Majesty said.

After pondering for a while, Du Shu raised his head, cupped his hands and said, "I would like to report to Your Majesty, if you have some suggestions, I wonder if Your Majesty does?"

"Yes or no, let's talk about it for now." Liu Chan said.

"Promise!" Du Shu said: "Your Majesty, if you want to govern officials today, you should clearly use the method of examination to suppress their subordinates. For example, it is like what is said in "Shangshu": "Mingyu is based on merit, and three examinations are used to depose officials." , This sincerity is the emperor's prosperous system. However, since the founding of our country in the Han Dynasty, wars have been cumbersome, and it is difficult to have clear rules. In the past, when Duke Ge was alive, he was in charge of the administration of counties and counties. Merits must be rewarded, and mistakes must be punished."

"However, after Ge Gong's illness and death, there are very few people like him who can study local politics carefully and distinguish merits and demerits! Therefore, I, a big man, should clarify the rules and re-establish the method of examination. At the age of [-], I use the method of examination to evaluate the merits of officials. If you pass, according to the examination method, the top will be rewarded, and the bottom will be punished. This is the humble opinion of my ministers, and I hope your Majesty will clarify it."

Du Shu, as Yushi Zhongcheng and the second in command of Yushitai, came to Han from the restoration of Guanzhong in the Great Han Dynasty, and also worked with Zhuge Liang.Judging from his many years of political experience in the Han Dynasty and his role as Yushi Zhongcheng, it is quite obvious that there are problems within the Han Dynasty.

During the more than 20 years from the founding of the Han Dynasty to the Northern Expedition, the Han Dynasty focused on the military for the Northern Expedition, and was slightly lacking in politics.Its shortcoming is not that there are problems in governing the country, after all, Zhuge Liang is there.The problem lies in the lack of a complete national governance system in terms of regulations and laws.

Zhuge Liang is very capable. During his rule of the country, in order not to waste talents and clearly reward and punish them, he always carefully studied the governance of county officials.For example, the excavation of Jiang Wan, He Zhi's investigation, and Wang Ping's promotion all illustrate Zhuge Liang's style of employing people who knows people well, does not stick to one pattern, and makes the best use of their talents. The premise is that Zhuge Liang's authority and national interests cannot be involved or touched.

Under this style, Zhuge Liang did not have a detailed rules and regulations for the examination of local officials. The framework continued to use the examination method of the Han Dynasty, and he evaluated himself in detail.

Of course, why Zhuge Liang didn't formulate a detailed examination system is also related to the Shu Han itself. In the early days, the prefect of the local county led the army, and later the captains distributed power.Or Zhuge Liang spent most of his time in the army for the Northern Expedition.

After Zhuge Liang's death, although Jiang Wan took over Zhuge Liang's position as the ruling chief, he was still not Zhuge Liang, and his body was gradually aging, and he no longer had the energy of youth.The examinations for local officials are naturally insufficient, and it is not known what the local governors of the Shu Han will do without the constraints of detailed rules.

And there is no unified scoring standard, how can we rate whether this official is excellent?Relying on Liu Chan's preference or the approval of his superiors is not a long-term solution.Today, the territory of the Han Dynasty covers more than half of China. If there is no systematic examination method of rules and regulations, and the old examination method of the Han Dynasty is still used, how can it be called good?
After all, the problems with the examination methods of the Han Dynasty are not without problems. Cao Wei has already revised the examination methods of the Han Dynasty, and he ordered Liu Shao, a regular servant of Sanqi, to write "72 Articles of the Metropolitan Examination Course".

That's why Du Shu answered Liu Chan's question of how to govern officials.

And Liu Chan was not surprised when he heard Du Shu's answer.As a great Han monarch for many years, and his political skills are not bad, he naturally knows the importance of the examination method.But what you know is what you know. How to formulate a perfect test method and adapt to the current situation is a question worth pondering.

The examination method in the Han Dynasty is not the most famous but the local government's plan to the central government, but there are many problems and disadvantages in it.

First of all, as the key figures in the examination system, such as the prime minister and Sangong in the imperial court, they are extremely important in themselves. Once the officialdom is corrupt and accepts bribes, their atmosphere will naturally erode the examination system.

During the period of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the corruption of officials, the examination method was useless.The "Law of Examination of Homework Officials" in Jingfangzuo specifically stipulates the duties of officials and the standards of examinations.

As a result, a ridiculous thing happened. This book was discussed in the court, but was strongly opposed by the ministers and the local governor.If the superiors don't notice, how can the subordinates do things with all their heart.

Secondly, it is not uncommon to see untrue exams, officials cheating, and deceitful things.

Liu Xiu Zhongxing Dahan, when checking the place, some officials dared to falsify, which shows the difficulty of the exam.Of course, since Liu Chan took the throne, there have been many fraudsters.

Liu Chan pondered a little, and said: "Actually, as Du Qing said, since the resurgence of my great man, although the method of examination is perfect, there are no rules and regulations. Moreover, the content of the four-question examination is not enough to express the place in troubled times. The merits of the chief officer still need to be thought deeply, and it is feasible to distinguish the upper, middle, and lower, and let the officials comment on it."

The examination method of the Han Dynasty focused on the local governor, and the content of the examination was not different from the content of the above plan.

To sum it up, it is basically "at the end of autumn and winter, each county has a certain household registration, a certain field, money and grain in and out, and how many thieves there are, and it is listed in its collection (counting) book."

Basically it is the following four items, the first is the household registration, the population is related to the strength of the country; the second is the cultivated land, the field mu represents the grain production; the third is the money and grain expenditure, which is closely related to the national fiscal taxation; the last is the number of thieves, which indicates the local security situation.

However, these contents are not adapted to local conditions. How can the frontier and inland counties be the same, and for the border counties, the defense of the barbarian is the first.Moreover, there is no refinement of different grades in the content, and there is too much room for manipulation.

Another point is that the central government does not include the political morality and behavior of local officials in the evaluation criteria, but in the six questions.As far as political achievements and morals are concerned, low talent is more unacceptable to big men than dirty morals.

Dong Yun quite agreed, and clasped his hands and said: "The method of planning at the local level should be cultivated. Above the local level, the tax on salt and iron, the tax on chariots and horses, the number of cattle and sheep, and the merits of enlightenment, how can they not be included in the examination. Minister I secretly thought that the method of examination should be to re-study, change with time, establish new laws and formulate new regulations."