I want to be emperor

Chapter 767 Modified Type [-] Rifle

After Luo Zhixue finished his inspection of the Hebei Weapons Company, he took advantage of the opportunity to hold a joint meeting of the defense industry and the military that night.

The main body of the meeting is how to research, produce and use more modern advanced weapons and equipment.

Luo Zhixue requires national defense units to base themselves on the integration of production, research and sales, and to develop better and more cost-effective weapons and equipment based on the actual needs of the military.

Especially in the research and production of rifled weapons, whether it is rifled artillery or rifled rifles, the current production cost is still too high, requiring national defense industrial units to increase investment in manpower and material resources to further improve the performance of rifled weapons. To significantly reduce the current production costs.

A breech-loading rifle of forty or fifty Chu Yuan, in any case, could not become the standard weapon of the next generation of the army and navy of the Great Chu Empire.

It's too expensive, and the military can't afford to equip it.

At least the cost must be reduced to less than [-] Chu yuan to have the feasibility of large-scale equipment.

In addition, regarding the issue of rifled guns, Luo Zhixue proposed that for small and medium-caliber rifled guns, can the brass shells be used to fix the shells to solve the problem of air leakage, so as to realize the production of small and medium-caliber rifled guns?

As for the research on large-caliber rear-loading rifled artillery, because of the weight of the ammunition, the number of propellants needs to be adjusted during design, and when fixed-loaded ammunition cannot be used, it is also necessary to continue to conduct in-depth research on the locking structure, and strive to solve the large-scale problem as soon as possible. Gas leaks on breechloading rifled guns of the caliber.

There is also the very important situation that the barrel life of the rifled artillery is too low, and the raw materials and processing technology must be continuously improved.

"In the current production of rifled guns, steel materials have already begun to be used as raw materials, so can small and medium-caliber artillery be produced with all-steel materials from time to time?"

"Of course, the barrel material model of the inner layer of steel and the outer layer of wrought iron used in front-loading rifled guns is also a promising model, which needs to continue to invest in research."

"No matter what the technical route is, as long as there is a certain possibility of success, then we should not give up!"

"Now I don't know which technical route is better and easier to implement in the end, what should I do?"

"Then go hand in hand, carry out preliminary technical research together, and conduct a series of theoretical verifications and experiments. After all, we have five weapons companies. It's not necessary for all five companies to fight on the same road. We can choose our own Use a different technical route to study."

"Whoever makes good and cheap products at that time, then the military will buy which products!"

"Nowadays, production, research and sales are integrated, and many of the original research institutes have also been delegated to various weapon companies. It is no longer the previous task that was set by the top, produced by the arsenal, and then directly assigned to the military."

"Each arms company needs to be responsible to its employees and to the future of the business."

Luo Zhixue's words were addressed to a group of civil servants in the defense industry.

But after finishing speaking, he said to a group of military generals: "The military must proceed from the reality. I have heard before that they would rather fight the enemy with a bayonet than use it. Rifled weapons!"

"This kind of argument is not good. Now that you have good weapons, why don't you give them to the soldiers?"

"Expensive? Newly developed weapons and equipment must be expensive. If it's not expensive, how can defense companies recover the huge research and development costs?"

"But you don't sell it because it's expensive? Just wait for more than ten or 20 years and wait for the continuous improvement of new technology, and then buy it at the price of cabbage?"

"If you don't buy it, if he doesn't buy it, how will the defense industry survive? How can we suspend follow-up research and development? Do we still need to invest huge sums of money in the research and development of various new technologies?"

"And new products are not always expensive. They are more expensive when purchasing in small quantities, but as the quantity of purchases increases and time passes, the price will naturally decrease!"

"The military needs to support the healthy development of the defense industry, and can't blindly pursue cost control. You can't care too much about cost control for many things."

To be honest, Luo Zhixue has some opinions on the iron cock-like military procurement model of the army and navy!

Especially when the army conducts various military procurements, it has always been very stingy, not only good, but also cheap... If they can't have both, then they will ask for cheap...

Type [-] front-loading rifles have been in service with the Guards Army for several years, but the Army didn’t buy equipment on a large scale. Instead, it continued to toss broken muskets...

Originally, the 21-year-style cap-triggered musket should be the last type of musket, but the army just came up with a 23-year-style cap-triggered musket, and hundreds of thousands of them were produced... According to this rhythm, In a few years, I am afraid that they will all be rushing to produce millions of dollars.

To be honest, this is a bit of nonsense. It is obvious that the front-loading rifles have been in service for several years in the Guards, and the rear-loading rifles have also been produced to prepare small batches of equipment for trial use. The army is still purchasing large-scale smoothbore guns...

You said the price is expensive... Nima, the army does not purchase in large quantities, how can the arsenal keep costs down?

If you place an order for 100 million breech-loading rifles to the arsenal right now, the arsenal will immediately dare to cut the price in half for you, and you can get it for more than 20 yuan.

Weapons are also industrial products, and when industrial products are mass-produced, their average cost will be lower.

Because production line costs and R&D costs will be diluted.

Because R&D costs and production line costs are constant, you need to invest so much to purchase 100 pieces, and you need to invest so much to use [-] million pieces.

Not to mention that after large-scale production, the production technology will continue to improve and mature, and the arsenal will be able to continuously solve many production problems, further reduce production costs, and eventually reduce the overall average cost.

The Army is unwilling to place large orders, but at the same time wants to lower the price of other arsenals. Isn't this a hooligan?

Luo Zhixue talked about the national defense industry and the military at the same time. After talking about both sides, he relaxed his expression, and then said to Dai Yong of Hebei Weapons Company: "You go back and organize people to continue researching metal bullets. Strive for early use on breech-loading rifles."

"There is also a production line for the [-]-type rifle, and then a version of the lance. Let the Guards purchase [-] rifles and lances to equip the [-]nd Guards Division."

"Also, organize manpower to research and study the rear-loading modification plan of the Type [-] front-loading rifle rifle. You can't just watch them fall behind when you buy something that costs a lot of money."

Dai Yong said: "We have already carried out research on the rear-loading modification plan of the Type [-] rifle before, and the overall problem is not big. After all, we have a complete rear-loading bolt structure, and the cost of modification will not be too high. Probably ..."

While talking, he flipped through the small notepad in his hand, and continued: "The modification cost should be controlled at about five Chu yuan per piece."

The cost of modifying the bolt is indeed not too expensive. The reason why the Type [-] rifles of the Great Chu Empire and the new Type [-] rifles are so expensive.

Mainly because of the use of a new barrel material and processing technology, and the processing accuracy far exceeds that of the 21-type/23-year smoothbore gun.

To achieve such processing accuracy, it is necessary to purchase a series of the latest high-precision processing equipment and establish a new production line.

Coupled with the huge R & D costs in the early stage.

In the end, the upfront cost added up is very huge. In addition to the small purchase volume, the upfront cost is very high when it is diluted to each Type [-] rifle.

Therefore, the high cost of Type [-] rifles and Type [-] rifles does not mean how high the cost in the production process is. Simply speaking of production costs, that is, personnel salaries and material costs, in fact, the Hebei Arms Company’s subsidiary Tianjin Firearms Factory can make it for you even if you bite your teeth...

But still the same sentence, you don’t need money for research and development?Doesn't it cost money to build a production line?Later research and development and technical improvement do not cost money?
And the other dozen or so research projects in Tianjin Firearms Factory don't need money?Also, projects that have failed one after another in the past few years, and a large amount of research and development funds have been squandered, don’t you want money?
Many of the above are all counting on the profits created by the Type [-] front-loading rifles, the current Type [-] rifles, and other products.

Therefore, it is impossible for others to give you the real cost price. They must add their own R&D costs, equipment depreciation costs, tax costs, and various other messy costs, plus their own gross profit.

The final price is the ex-factory price.

This is also a common practice in technology products, especially in industries with high R&D risks, such as military industry.

Why are those fighter jets so expensive in later generations?Tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of dollars at every turn?
You would never think that the production cost of this broken aircraft is really so expensive... How is it possible, all kinds of research and development expenses, production line expenses, corporate profits, and the cost of other failed projects have all been added in here.

Similar to drug research and development, the production cost of drugs is actually very cheap. The production cost of a drug that sells for hundreds or even thousands of dollars may only be a few dollars or even tens of cents... between the production cost and the selling price The gap may reach dozens or even hundreds of times.

So the question is, why are the profit margins of many pharmaceutical companies not dozens or even hundreds of times as expected when the sales are so expensive?

Because pharmaceutical companies develop dozens of drugs at the same time, each cost tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of dollars, and among these dozens of drugs, only one or two may eventually succeed.

Therefore, when people calculate the research and development costs, they not only calculate the research and development costs of the successful drug, but also include the research and development costs of those failed projects. In the end, the success of the research and development of the successful drug will be pushed to an astonishing level.

Coupled with corporate profits, tax costs, etc., then there will be reasons why the prices of those new drugs are very high.

If the price is not high enough, they will go bankrupt long ago.

This is typical of capital-intensive, high-risk, high-tech industries.

It is said that the R&D investment of pharmaceutical giants is very large, not only for several international giants, R&D investment generally accounts for more than 20.00% of revenue, and some even reach 30.00%.

Some domestic research-based modern pharmaceutical companies also invest a lot in R&D.

Although limited by the objective reality, it is impossible to achieve [-] or [-] percentage points, but there are usually more than ten percentage points.

There are even some new start-up pharmaceutical companies in China, which spend money on research and development at a loss, spending hundreds of millions or even billions of money in it.

But what we are talking about is some pharmaceutical companies that develop new drugs and new technologies. There are not so many generic drugs that make a living, but there are generally five or six or even seven or eight percentage points. After all, generic drugs also need to be researched and developed. .

The above does not include any type of Chinese medicine business!

Chinese medicine companies are more interesting. Looking at their financial report structure, you will find that they are not pharmaceutical companies, but marketing companies.

High net profit, large sales expenses, and low R&D investment are common.

Don’t think that traditional Chinese medicine does not require investment in research and development. Artemisinin is the most typical example. This stuff is made from traditional Chinese medicine. This is the correct way for Chinese medicine to evolve into modern medicine.

However, many listed Chinese medicine companies on the market do not do this. If you let them do research and development, it is better to kill them.

The median of their general R&D investment is about two percentage points, which is enough for Indian pharmaceutical companies to be silent and African pharmaceutical companies to cry...

This is still the median. Quite a few listed Chinese medicine companies have invested less than a percentage point in research and development...

A well-known listed Chinese medicine company had revenue of 154.9 billion yuan in the first half of a certain year, and the net profit attributable to shareholders of the listed company was 24.5 billion yuan. Their sales expenses were 19 billion yuan, but what about the research and development expenses?

Keep your eyes open: 8392 million!
The ratio of R&D investment to revenue is 0.54%. What is this money enough for?
Even if you are playing with metaphysics, yin and yang, and not about the specific ingredients of the medicine, how the medicine works, but you still have to do research and do some comparative experiments.
What are the different effects of taking different medicines?Which prescription works well, which prescription has poor effect, which prescription has no effect, and which prescription will cause some side effects!

In this way, you can compare various results, and then continuously improve the prescription!
But if they don't do it in a daze, they don't have to do it!
This is how the research and development costs are saved.

On the contrary, Chinese medicine companies have invested a lot in marketing, and a certain pharmaceutical company above has a sales expenditure of [-] billion!

Marketing expenses are high, which is a common situation for Chinese medicine companies. A certain Chinese medicine company has a revenue of tens of billions in a certain year, and its sales expenses are about 34 billion...

This is selling traditional Chinese medicine as a beauty product...

Of course, the high sales cost does not affect people making a lot of money. In the second example, the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company is more than 13 billion.

This refers to net profit, not gross profit, which can be put into the pockets of shareholders.

Looking at the financial reports of these Chinese medicine companies, and thinking about the situation in recent years, the Chinese medicine industry perfectly fits the six words in recent years:

Stupid people, rich money, hurry up!

Here are the ad times:
Friends, I have a secret recipe for oral administration with boy urine as the core raw material, which is used to treat various diseases such as heat, cold, yin and yang imbalance, madness, mental retardation, etc. All kinds of internal and external injuries have miraculous effects.

Do you want to invest in me to start a Chinese medicine company, and then we can make a lot of money selling boy urine together?

What, you said that there is already a traditional Chinese medicine with adult urine as the core raw material, and the sales are extremely booming, the supply exceeds the demand, and it was on the news. It is too late to enter the urine medicine market?
I...F
Looks like there are more smart people than I thought...

Alas, I'd better code words honestly!

(End of this chapter)