I want to be emperor

Chapter 643 Taxation Everywhere

The horsepower of a steam engine is limited by its size and weight, as well as steam pressure and cylinder volume. Among them, the processing of the cylinder is the most costly, and the processing of the cylinder is relatively extreme.

The larger the cylinder bore, the more difficult it is to machine, and its cost will increase exponentially.

Therefore, relatively speaking, the processing cost of a small-caliber cylinder is much lower.

The Guangzhou Machinery Company has turned it into a small steam engine, and the small-caliber cylinder is easier to process and the cost is lower. This can reduce the overall single-horsepower cost, and the final price can also be controlled to a certain extent.

This can also be seen from the prices of the steam engines of each horsepower. A 32-horsepower steam engine costs nearly 4000 yuan, while a [-]-horsepower steam engine costs more than [-] yuan. However, the eight-horsepower steam engine produced by Guangzhou Machinery Company only costs It can be won for about [-] Chu Yuan.

And because the technology is easier to implement and mass production is easier, Guangzhou Machinery Co., Ltd. achieved mass production faster than Dangtu Machinery Co., although the first batch of trial production was later.

In November 17, Guangzhou Machinery Co., Ltd. began to supply large quantities of steam engines to customers. In the first month, the supply reached [-] steam engines, and it is expected to supply at least [-] more steam engines in December.

At the same time, their production capacity is still rising. It is estimated that their annual production capacity of four-horsepower or eight-horsepower steam engines will reach about [-] units by next year.

As for Dangtu Machinery Company, it is estimated that the annual output will be only about 32 units, but they produce medium-sized steam engines with [-] horsepower and [-] horsepower, and the added value is higher.

As for Tianjin Machinery Company, they don’t even have prototypes yet, so they can’t talk about actual production capacity, but they have a lot of pre-orders... According to the pre-orders and the progress of research and development, they are building a large-scale steam engine production line. It can produce about [-] steam engines a year... Don't think that [-] sets are too small, you must know that the steam engines they produce are all at least [-] horsepower, and the big ones are more than [-] horsepower.

As for the production line for the 32-horsepower order... Now it is a bit difficult to produce. Although the performance of the prototype they made before is feasible, the cost is too high, and it cannot compete with the steam engine of the same level from Dangtu Machinery Company. I ran to Dangtu Machinery Company to place an order.

Tianjin Machinery Company is now in a dilemma in the field of medium-sized steam engines. Let’s not do it. It has invested more than half a year and a lot of research and development funds before, and even the factory buildings and production lines are almost ready.

But come on... Nima hasn't even had an order until now.

In the end, there was no choice but to continue to carry out technological innovations, and then divert the production line for other purposes to make large steam engines.

Anyway, the technical core of the large steam engine of Tianjin Machinery Company is actually expanded from the 32-horsepower steam engine.

Even the method is simple and rude, directly connecting multiple 32-horsepower cylinders in series to create a steam engine with multiple cylinders and multiple boilers.

Well, this thing is not the same thing as the multi-expansion steam engine of the later generations. The multi-expansion steam engine is that high-temperature and high-pressure steam gradually passes through the high-pressure cylinder, medium-pressure cylinder, and low-pressure cylinder to push the piston to do work. The core of the theory is as much as possible Utilize the kinetic energy contained in the high-temperature and high-pressure steam.

For the multi-cylinder steam engine of Tianjin Machinery Company, the cylinders and boiler systems of each other are independent, but the linkage system is unified.

Stay away from carriages like two or four horses, multiple horses pull the cart together.

Therefore, the production line of the 32-horsepower steam engine will not be wasted, and a part of the production line construction cost of the large steam engine can be left.

In this way, based on the different normal choices of the three major steam engines and market choices, the situation in which the three steam engine manufacturers focus on steam engines with different steam engine specifications has finally formed.

But this situation is only temporary!
At least Tianjin Machinery Company has never given up on the medium-sized steam engine market with 32 hp steam engines. In addition, Dangtu Machinery Company looked at Tianjin Machinery Company’s side. They didn’t even have a sample, so they directly won dozens of sets of large-scale steam engines. The pre-order order is also jealous, and hastily launched his own large-scale steam engine project.

However, their core engine is built on the basis of sixteen horsepower. If you want to build a large steam engine, it is still relatively difficult in terms of research and development, production, and subsequent cost control. At least you let them build one with hundreds of horses. It is absolutely impossible for a steam engine to come out... It takes at least seven or eight small cylinders with [-] horsepower!
A large steam engine made with so many cylinders will have a very complicated structure and a very high failure rate.

On the other hand, the Guangzhou Machinery Company did not expect to build any large-scale steam engine by increasing the cylinder or simply expanding the cylinder. They focused on increasing the steam pressure, which is recognized as the most difficult technical route. Get more horsepower while limiting the size and weight of the steam engine.

The other two companies also know about this technical route, but they feel that it is too difficult to produce results in a short period of time.

What's more, even the Steam Engine Research Institute of the Royal Institute of Technology is now at a loss for high-pressure steam engines, and they have no confidence.

However, Guangzhou Machinery Company has identified this technical route and plans to smash the hard bone of the high-pressure steam engine.

Of course, they are not for ideals, they just want to create a high-pressure steam engine, and then directly monopolize the steam engine market, and directly kill the Dangtu steam engine or Tianjin steam engine, leaving them no way out...

Although these three machinery companies are all wholly owned by the Ministry of Industry, they have become each other's biggest competitors since they began to turn into steam engine manufacturers in an all-round way.

It is the instinct of a company to kill competitors!

Even government-run enterprises are no exception... The general office of a government-run enterprise can prove that its ability is better by leading its own company to kill its competitors. This subsequent promotion is not easy.

Regardless of what the ultimate goal of Guangzhou Machinery Company is, it is a good thing that they put real money and talents into the research and development of high-pressure steam engines. Luo Zhixue even praised them a few words after hearing about it.

It is a good thing to say that they have the courage to chew hard bones.

Regardless of whether things are difficult or not, whether they can be successful, but one thing is certain, that is, if you don't do it, you will definitely not be successful.

In Luo Zhixue's view, Dangtu Machinery Company and Tianjin Machinery Company have fallen behind in terms of technology.

After the high-pressure steam engine comes out, there may still be a market for low-pressure steam engines for industrial steam engines, but in the field of trains and ships, that is the exclusive market for high-pressure steam engines, and it is also the most lucrative market.

If they don’t do it now, it will be too late if they really want to follow up after the Guangzhou Machinery Company has produced the high-pressure steam engine. strategy, they can obtain the patent of the high-pressure steam engine, but the money will definitely be earned by Guangzhou Machinery Company.

It's the same as the current steel industry... In addition to the original Daye Iron and Steel Company, more than a dozen domestic iron and steel companies that produce mild steel have obtained the patent authorization of the Daye steelmaking method.

However, due to the need to pay the patent share, most of the profits of these companies from producing mild steel are actually taken away by Daye Iron and Steel Company in the form of patent licensing fees. These steel companies are actually just drinking some soup.

This is the result of being one step behind in technology and then losing the whole game.

In this regard, in order to maintain the competitiveness of the same industry and ensure that the supply of specific products will not be lost at critical moments, it is also guided by the policy of supporting two to three companies at the same time to ensure healthy competition.

Without the request from the high-level Ministry of Industry, Daye Iron and Steel Company would not authorize the patents of competing peers. How cool it is for a company to monopolize the market.

But this is impossible!

The Ministry of Industry has accumulated enough experience in the past ten years of practice, and has fully realized the importance of healthy competition and maintaining supply chain stability, so as to ensure that the production of a key livelihood and national defense enterprise will not be affected. The entire defense industry of people's livelihood is affected.

Therefore, in terms of some key technologies, especially the key technologies that are so important that other companies will bypass them for a while, the Ministry of Industry tends to be the master and let the patent owner adopt the method of patent authorization and grant them to several other companies, of course. .

In terms of money, there must be no shortage. The patent licensing fees obtained by Daye Iron and Steel Company are extremely huge, and it can be said that they are full of money.

However, other iron and steel companies did not sit still, but they were not willing to give Daye Iron and Steel Company a modern factory. They either raised funds by themselves, or joined forces to carry out technological research and development on Daye Steel's steelmaking method.

Why do we still need to carry out technical research and development on the Daye steelmaking method? It is because we are trying to bypass some key nodes of Daye Iron and Steel Company's patents.

The technical principle of the Great Smelting Steelmaking Method is actually public... Some theoretical research was also done by the Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Royal Institute of Technology, and these steel companies have also obtained authorization.

As for the patents owned by Daye Iron and Steel Company, they mainly focus on engineering realization.

However, some patented technologies realized by the project can be circumvented, as long as the final effect is the same or even better.

In addition, many steel companies, especially Dangtu Iron and Steel Company, are also raising funds to try to come up with a better new steelmaking method, trying to achieve a comprehensive surpass. Of course, this is more troublesome and difficult.

However, technology research and development in the iron and steel industry has benefited from factors such as patent restrictions and market competition, and is generally in a relatively good state of healthy competition.

And this is also the result expected by the Ministry of Industry and even the Ministry of Industry and Commerce.

It is also the reason why the Ministry of Industry and Commerce officially promoted patented technology very early. Only with the protection of patents can enterprises be confident and bold to invest a lot of manpower and material resources in technology research and development.

If there is no patent protection, it would be easier to just wait for others to research it and then plagiarize it.

The existence of the patent system is to stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises or individuals to carry out technological research and development and innovation, and to ensure their interests, thereby promoting active innovation at the entire social level.

Only in this way can a hundred flowers bloom in the research and development of science and technology, instead of relying solely on the limited and various research institutes affiliated to the government.

Even these research institutes directly under the official investment still need research funds. Although the official finances have money, they can't spend a lot of money on every project.

In the case of limited funds, these official research institutes still need to cooperate with enterprises if they want to research some new projects, or some self-developed projects are sold to enterprises through patent authorization, and then get a return of funds to support the follow-up Research.

These are inseparable from the maintenance of the patent system.

Therefore, when the Ministry of Industry and Commerce wanted to develop a patent system, it received great support from Luo Zhixue. It can even be said that even the patent system was actually proposed by Luo Zhixue and asked the Ministry of Industry and Commerce to implement it.

However, it is worth noting that the patent system of the Great Chu Empire is only internal and not external. This internal refers to the enterprises or people of the Great Chu Empire itself, not limited to the region. Even if the enterprises or individuals of the Great Chu Empire go to the indigenous countries Go, and there is no need to infringe the patent rights of other companies or individuals in the Great Chu Empire.

However, if you infringe the patents of other countries, well, if there are any...then the Great Chu Empire doesn't care, and you can even apply for related patents in China.

After all, no country has reached a patent exchange agreement with the Great Chu Empire yet.

Not to mention the patent sharing agreement, even if it is patent law, in fact, few countries have it these days, that is, Venice, Italy, the United Kingdom and a few other countries have less perfect patent laws, but they are still very primitive.

The Great Chu Empire will not recognize the so-called patent laws of these indigenous countries.

Just like the Great Chu Empire has never recognized the so-called laws of other indigenous countries, it is the same as the jurisdiction over the people of the Great Chu Empire, even in the territory of the indigenous countries, the Great Chu Empire does not recognize it... so this was born out of law Governance is such a thing.

In a series of agreements reached between the Great Chu Empire and various indigenous countries in Southeast Asia, there is basically such a clause as extrajudicial jurisdiction.

This is not to say that the Great Chu Empire bullied and challenged the domestic powers of various countries. It is purely that these indigenous countries do not have a sound law, and they are basically at the level where the rulers will punish them at a thought, even if there are some legal provisions. It's nonsense.

This made merchants or ordinary people in the Great Chu Empire feel insecure when they went out to sea for trade and earn a living.

In order to ensure that the people of the Great Chu Empire can get the most basic legal guarantees when they go to other countries for trade or other things, so that they will not be randomly used by officials or monarchs of some stupid indigenous countries. Sentenced for a mess of crimes.

The official of the Great Chu Empire strongly demanded the extrajudicial power of the countries in the South Seas: After the people of the Great Chu Empire violated the local laws in the indigenous countries, the local government can arrest them, but you can’t judge them...you can only hand them over to the Great Chu Empire established in the The trial court in the local embassy district conducts trials according to the laws of the Great Chu Empire!

The above-mentioned extrajudicial power is limited to the areas controlled by the indigenous countries, and does not include the areas ceded or long-term leased to the Great Chu Empire, because these places themselves belong to the territory of the Great Chu Empire, and there is no need for extrajudicial power. The empire has all sovereign powers in these places.

The emergence of extrajudicial power is not what the Great Chu Empire wants to do, oppressing the aboriginals, etc., it is simply that the laws of these aboriginals are too lax, and the people of Chu are not at ease with their laws...

However, this also makes many indigenous countries feel deeply disgusted by the consequences of this clause, because since the introduction of this clause, Dachu people have gone to other indigenous countries because they do not have to abide by the local laws, which is basically lawless ...

Strictly speaking, the local aborigines have nothing to do even if they kill people... As for you saying that after arresting them, they will be handed over to the Great Chu Empire for trial. It is theoretically possible, but in practice they will not be sentenced to anything. Usually they just lose money, and sentence is impossible. .

Because in the laws of the Great Chu Empire, there is no clause on whether killing people from other countries in an indigenous country will be punished by law...

You are not from my Great Chu, nor are you on the territory of my Great Chu Empire. Why should my Great Chu law protect you?It would be nice to give you some monetary compensation for the natives.

What, you said that even the aborigines in foreign lands should be protected by the laws of the Great Chu Empire... That's a joke, if it's really like this, those trading companies of the Great Chu Empire should stop opening, and just pull out an overseas armed trading company , it was all stained with the blood of the natives...

The Nanyang Trading Company is still fighting with the local indigenous people in India...

Is it possible that the local aborigines could go to the overseas territories of the Great Chu Empire to sue, and then shoot all the people from the Nanyang Trading Company and a large number of other armed trading companies?

And this kind of contradictory extrajudicial power makes the Dachu people in the indigenous country somewhat lawless, and it also makes some victims among the indigenous people feel deeply disgusted... until now, some powerful people The natives did not arrest people at all and handed them over to the judges of the Great Chu Empire.

They all had the opportunity to kill them on the spot and destroy the corpses... Of course, the premise is that they should be very concealed, and other Dachu people, especially the Dachu officials, should not be able to find out. Once discovered, the consequences are often extremely serious.

When Chengshun was 16 years old, there was a powerful man in the Aceh Kingdom who was very upset with a rogue businessman from the Great Chu Empire who cheated him of money. Maybe it was because he was used to being arrogant in his daily life, so he even sent someone to arrest this rogue businessman. And the entourage was arrested and hacked to death on the spot... This incident was very big. It was learned by the Consulate of the Great Chu Empire in Aceh within a few days. The rich and powerful family were slaughtered.

This is not important, the important thing is to force the Kingdom of Aceh to sign a new traitorous treaty, directly obtained a piece of leased land next to their capital, and at the same time reconfirmed the boundary between the two sides in the eastern part of Sumatra Island, the new The border line has been moved westward for more than 200 kilometers...

By the way, there is also a compensation of one million Chu Yuan... to supplement the family members of the victim and pay for the operation of the Chu Army.

On the whole, there are good and bad things about extrajudicial power. To a certain extent, it reduces the restriction that the merchants of the Great Chu Empire are exempted from local indigenous laws, but on the other hand, it also increases the businessmen of the Great Chu Empire. When operating in the control area of ​​​​the indigenous country, if there is no accident, the local officials are afraid of you... But if there is an accident, it will basically disappear from the world, and the body will never be found!

The indigenous people also know that you, the Great Chu Empire, have a strong desire for revenge, and they also know that you are ruthless, so they often either don't do it, or destroy the corpses and wipe out the traces.

But then again, there are not many ordinary people who dare to go to the indigenous countries to do business and make money these days. Except for large-scale armed trading companies, they are basically desperadoes who want money but not life, and there are very few Acting alone, often in groups of three or four, with so-called trading companies and the like.

These people are in the business of wearing their heads in their belts, and death is so commonplace to them that it is not worth mentioning.

From the patent law to extrajudicial jurisdiction, these seem to have something to do with the indigenous people, but in fact they have little to do with them. They are all extensions of a series of laws governing the internal rule of the Great Chu Empire.

The Great Chu Empire is different from the traditional feudal dynasties. The traditional feudal dynasties emphasize the rule of man. A series of judicial procedures such as investigations, arrests, and trials of various local cases are performed by local officials, that is, county magistrates and magistrates. These people dominate.

But it is different in the Great Chu Empire. The Great Chu Empire has a complete legal system and a complete and independent judicial system.

In any county, there will be two independent institutions, the Procuratorate and the Court of Justice. They are not under the jurisdiction of the local magistrate's office, only the local patrol bureau is under the jurisdiction of the magistrate's office.

In fact, even the patrol bureau has dual leadership. In addition to the local magistrate having certain jurisdiction, the higher-level prefecture patrol bureau also has jurisdiction over the county-level patrol bureau.

However, the Procuratorate and the Trial Court are completely independent institutions from the county magistrates and prefect yamen, and they are only under the jurisdiction of the superior Procuratorate and Trial Court.

In other words, the censors and judges in the county procuratorate or the court can completely defeat the local county magistrate.

In fact, many censors in the county-level inspectorate are staring at the local county magistrate, waiting for him to make a mistake, and then quickly take it down... and finally use it as political achievement capital to get promoted!

Anti-corruption promotion, this is a very unique landscape in the inspectorate system of the Great Chu Empire!
This has also led to a great confrontation between the Inspectorate system and other administrative systems... Local officials are extremely repulsive and even afraid of the local censor.

Nima, no one wants to have a group of people staring at their heads every day, thinking about how to use their heads as a stepping stone for promotion.

This kind of exclusion has actually further led to the independence of the judicial system, especially in the system of the Inspectorate, which is very independent in a series of institutions in the Great Chu Empire...

There's no way, people in other institutions don't like them... But Zuodu Yushi, who has served as the Grand Inspector's Office, is also a minister of affairs and holds real power.

Moreover, because of the censor's anti-corruption every three days, more corrupt officials were killed, and his reputation among the people naturally rose. However, contemporary people, even scholars in the Great Chu Empire, still value reputation very much.

Therefore, don't think that no one is willing to come in because the Inspectorate is squeezed out by other departments. In fact, this is the most competitive institution in the beginning of the imperial examination every year.

A large number of young students apply for the law examination of the Procuratorate, trying to become a "censor" with a good income, a good reputation, and the key is that the actual power is extremely powerful.

To become a censor is basically the only goal of all the law students in the law schools in the Great Chu Empire. Only those who fail to pass the examination and become a legal censor will choose to go to the police department or Court of Justice.

Of course, there are also some people who choose to become lawyers for money, but most of them are tax lawyers, and other lawyers earn average income, except for tax lawyers...

The tax laws of the Great Chu Empire are too powerful and complicated. Individual taxation is nothing and it is relatively easy to deal with, but corporate taxation, especially large enterprises, is very difficult to deal with.

In order to collect taxes, those guys from the tax department made a lot of messy things. If you really want to pay taxes honestly according to the tax department's method, there are really many...

Therefore, a tax lawyer who is familiar with the provisions of tax laws and can adopt some legal methods to avoid excessive taxes reflects his value.

Tax lawyers who are in charge of corporate tax work generally earn top incomes.

Even government-run enterprises will hire tax lawyers...Government-run enterprises are the sons of the government, but in order to avoid the situation of working hard for a year and finally working for the tax department, they have to hire tax lawyers to handle taxes question.

This shows the strength of the tax department in the Great Chu Empire!
In the Great Chu Empire, you can't get around the tax department with anything!

Tax payment will continue from your birth to your death. Even if you die, the coffins and other funeral supplies used are still contributing to the tax revenue of the Great Chu Empire.

After all, the coffins are produced and sold by merchants, and they do not need to pay taxes. It seems that customers do not need to pay taxes, but the purchase price already includes tax costs.

Unless you really live in the deep mountains and old forests, you will never have any contact with the outside world, even if you don’t even buy salt... everything is self-sufficient.

Otherwise, you will always have to contribute to the tax revenue of the Great Chu Empire, it's just a matter of more or less.

Because any commodity you buy or exchange from the outside world, whether it is salt or food, or clothes and various daily tools, etc., these things are tax-included!

Taxes from the Great Chu Empire are everywhere!

(End of this chapter)