ask sword 2

Chapter 260 Artemisia annua
Li Ang stood up abruptly, and asked Qiu Feng, "Is there wormwood in the sickroom?"

"some."

Qiu Feng nodded and said, "It's in the warehouse."

Li Ang and Qiu Feng went to the warehouse, and in the medicine cabinet, they found Wormwood.

This medicinal material, in the Pharmacopoeia, is used as a medicine for clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, cooling blood and for external use.

In botanical classification, Artemisia annua is actually the collective name of two Artemisia plants—Artemisia annua and Artemisia annua.

These two are annual herbaceous plants of Dicotyledoneae, Asteraceae, and Artemisia, with similar taste and same flower color.

The difference is that the inflorescence head of Artemisia annua is nearly spherical, the inflorescence is small, the leaves are mostly three to four times pinnately divided, the fruit is oval-shaped, slightly flat, and the flowering and fruiting period is at the end of summer
The inflorescence head of Artemisia annua is hemispherical, the inflorescence is relatively large, the leaves are mostly two to three times pectinate and pinnately lobed, the fruit is oblong, and the flower and fruit period is in mid-summer.

In the memory of other worlds, artemisinin extracted from these two kinds of Artemisia was used to kill Plasmodium falciparum and treat malaria.The process of artificially synthesizing artemisinin has also won the highest scientific research award because of its great significance to all mankind.

'The killing mechanism of artemisinin on Plasmodium is multifaceted.It can not only induce the mitochondrial swelling of Plasmodium, generate a large amount of active oxygen free radicals, and destroy the biofilm system of Plasmodium,

It can also be directly attached to the protein of the malaria parasite through the carbon atom, and it can kill the malaria parasite by taking advantage of the fact that the alkylated protein cannot work normally.

Numerous materials flashed through Li Ang's mind. He never thought of artificially synthesizing artemisinin.
One is because artificial synthesis is too troublesome and difficult, it is better to directly refine it at this stage,
The second reason is that artemisinin is not a specific drug for schistosomiasis.

A derivative of artemisinin, artesunate, is.

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First, artemisinin is extracted.

The leaves of Artemisia annua of sufficient years are taken and pulverized to obtain the fine powder of Artemisia annua.

Soaked in 60.00% ethanol, percolated for six hours,

The leachate is decolorized by activated carbon, filtered by suction, and green leaves are obtained.

After being adsorbed by macroporous adsorption resin, it is eluted with high-concentration ethanol,
The eluate was obtained, and the crude product was precipitated under reduced pressure below [-] degrees Celsius, and recrystallized with ethanol to obtain relatively pure artemisinin.

In the second process, the most difficult part is the resin adsorption.

Macroporous adsorption resin refers to a kind of polymer adsorption resin without exchange groups and has a macroporous structure. It has a good macroporous network structure and a large specific surface area, and can adsorb organic substances in aqueous solution.

Li Ang chose to use styrene as raw material to make macroporous adsorption resin.

Firstly, benzene is separated from coal pyrolysis oil by means of distillation,
Then mix ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid at a ratio of one to three, and heat it rapidly to 170 degrees to produce ethylene.
Finally, using the original process, under the conditions of 2 degrees and [-]Mpa, benzene and ethylene are passed through the catalyst bed to obtain styrene.

Obtaining artemisinin is just the beginning.

The first step is to obtain the ether solvent, tetrahydrofuran.

In the reactor, put ethanol, and magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide as catalysts, under the condition of 360 to 370 degrees, catalyze dehydrogenation and dehydration to generate butadiene.

Using butadiene as a raw material, furan is obtained through oxidation, and then hydrogenated to obtain tetrahydrofuran.

In the tetrahydrofuran solvent system, borohydride is used as a reducing agent to obtain dihydroartemisinin, phosphoric acid is added to adjust the pH value to neutral, succinic anhydride is added, and acylation reaction is carried out to prepare artesunate.

And by means of extraction, crystallization and recrystallization, relatively pure medical grade artesunate is obtained.

(Paraffin wax is oxidized under the catalysis of calcium and manganese to obtain mixed dibasic acid oxidized paraffin wax, which is distilled by hot water steam to obtain succinic acid)
(Succinic acid is heated and dehydrated to form succinic anhydride)

The whole process is cumbersome and complicated, even higher than penicillin.

Even if you know all the procedures, have enough material resources and manpower, and can drive monks at will,
The whole plan, experiment, and test still took Li Ang a month.

But in the end, it was all worth it, looking at the white crystals of artesunate.

Artesunate not only has the function of killing malaria parasites efficiently like artemisinin, but also can kill schistosomiasis juveniles.

In areas severely affected by water poisoning, giving artesunate to infected patients who have been exposed to infested water for a short period of time can reduce insects by 90.00%.

Infected patients who have been exposed to plague water for a long time, after taking it, the insect reduction rate can reach more than 80.00%.

Moreover, the side effects of artesunate are extremely low, taking the medicine once every [-] days is enough to last until the enucleation method to completely eradicate schistosomiasis.

"Put the medicine together with the instructions for use, and distribute it."

Li Ang said to the person in charge of the ward.

It is not surprising that Artemisia annua cures diseases that are included in medical books.
And the production process is too complicated and ordinary people can't understand it at all
In the past, there were alchemy, alchemy, leaching, distillation, evaporation, burning, sublimation, crystallization, water bath and other processes, all of which have precedents.

"After confirming the efficacy of artesunate, our mission in Suzhou will be completed."

Li Ang turned to look at Qiu Feng. Because of his experience in producing penicillin last time, Qiu Feng was also invited to help in the production of artesunate this time.

"Yeah. Nearly three months. Now that I think about it, it feels like three years."

Qiu Feng sighed, and turned his head to look at the plaque in the hospital.

In the past three months, the ward has been continuously expanded. The sweat and tears of all medical staff have been invested here, and countless life and death have been witnessed.

The two stood side by side, looking at the plaque, neither of them spoke.

After a long time, Li Ang looked back and said with a smile: "When we return to Chang'an, maybe we can catch up with the tail of the academic exchange. At that time, I will apply to the head of the mountain. With the credit this time, we can reduce some of the leave we left behind." Operation."

"It's best to go back a few days later, and escape the midterm exam by the way."

Qiu Feng made a joke with a smile, and felt a little melancholy in his heart.

Li Ang noticed the expression on her face, and said comfortingly: "It's okay, the imperial court sees the benefits of the hospital mechanism.

Jiangnan Dongdao is rich in finances, has many workshops, and the income of the people is higher.

Relying on financial support and medical expenses, even if there is no water poisoning epidemic, the ward can continue to operate.It won't fall. "

"Ah."

Qiu Feng nodded emphatically. If she hadn't had the experience of being a doctor in the infirmary this time, she would never have imagined that there are still so many people who lack medical care and medicine in the richest Jiangnan East Road in Yu State.

"The hospital mechanism can not only help the people to the greatest extent, but also cultivate young doctors and improve their medical practice level in the shortest time.

After returning to Chang'an, I will submit a letter to the imperial court to establish a medical college and enrich the clinics in various places. "

Li Ang looked at the people queuing up outside the ward, and said slowly.

A person's power is limited, no matter how talented he is, he cannot solve all problems.

Instead of being a single doctor and personally treating diseases and saving lives, it is better to spread knowledge and cultivate more doctors.

Li Ang turned his head, met Qiu Feng's surprised gaze, and said with a smile, "You've worked hard this time, go back to your room and have a rest."

Qiu Feng asked, "What about you?"

"I'll go to the Suzhou Library to consider the words and sentences in the book."

Li Ang smiled slightly, he really wanted to establish a medical school system.

In addition, once the water poisoning issue has been resolved, it is time to investigate the sea-going ship named "Wujun Changmen Sea Falcon 39" that is related to the source of Mosi.

(End of this chapter)