The bright moon and the empty courtyard are like water like a Chinese year

Chapter 80
Regarding the small funeral and filial piety, the order is as follows:

1.Small mortuary—the procedures of small mortuary are roughly the same.

Some families begin to cut hair, shave, and cleanse the deceased before the old man dies, and women should comb their hair well.

Afterwards, filial sons and filial daughters put on small clothes for the elderly, and the outer layers of shrouds are handled by the disobedient.

2.To receive incense—after a person dies, he lights a stream of incense, sends it from the house to the gate, and throws it on the street.

At the same time, paper men, paper horses, and paper sedan chairs are burned, which means that the dead will ride away on horses and sedan chairs.

And when moving from the bed to the auspicious board, please also ask the "yin and yang students" to watch the direction, which is called "sleep".

Put on the shroud, put a biscuit in its sleeve, and put a gold and silver ingot in each of the left and right hands.

There is a small table in front of the spirit, on which are placed incense burners, candle sticks, oil lamps, white wax, and offering fruits.

Light an incense stick (both ends are burned), and then burn the paper money one by one. No food can be served until the funeral, and the paper can only be rolled up and burned after the funeral.

3. "Presenting filial piety" and "delivering filial piety" - presenting filial piety is a filial piety worn by people with foreign surnames (relatives). A filial son or a filial woman brings a servant (or waiter) to hold a wooden tea tray, put filial piety clothes on it, and kowtow first in front of others.

The waiter raised the tray at one stroke, and the wearer took it over, and the waiter helped put it on.

The other is to offer filial obedience to the aunt or grandson. A filial son who is older than his aunt has to kneel and kowtow (a filial son and a filial woman kneel on both legs when they meet their relatives, friends and condolences, while other men and women who wear filial piety salute on one leg) kneel).There is a proverb: "A dutiful son's head is full of people in the street, and everyone who sees him will kowtow first."

The aunts and grandpas wear regular gowns made of bleached cloth, black thread Roman gowns, a bleached cloth hoop on the hat, and a bleached belt around the waist, while Uncle Sun wears a red pompom on the back.

Sending filial piety is to the daughter-in-law (XX granddaughter-in-law) who has not passed the family.

It is a symbolic filial piety for the family to use a tray, put a white cloth on it, mark a cross with red wool and line it with a red thread, and send it to the woman.

The woman was accepted by her family, who picked up the red thread, took the white cloth, and then released the money.

If these wives offer a funeral ceremony such as a tent before the funeral, the wives will have to return a table for the wives.

4.The filial piety of the mourning family is divided into southern rites and northern rites. It is nothing more than a coarse white cloth filial piety robe with a belly tie.

Some nailed old money on both sides of the hat and embroidered it with hemp, while others wore straight hats.When encoffining, the filial son's hemp should be cut off more than an inch long, called "please hemp", and placed in the material.

Then use white cloth to seal the shoes, and a piece of red cloth is nailed to the heel, which means "to keep blessings" for the younger generations.

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Before and after burial, the order is as follows:
1.Turning the mantra - this action is to invite a few monks to turn around and chant scriptures after the deceased is parked properly, in order to save the dead soul.

2.Welcome——This program is very simple. When the coffin enters the house, please ask a "whole person" old lady to bring a tall sorghum and a pair of red cloth trousers to the door, put the two things into the empty coffin, and shout "Welcome wealth".

At the same time, the filial wives also cried, "Father (mother) welcomes wealth!"

3.Encoffining - the so-called encoffining is firstly watched by the yin and yang students, and the drummers are invited to play big music first.

There are flags, gongs, umbrellas, and fans in the courtyard. The sound of gongs is scary for a while. The filial man holds the head of the corpse, and the filial woman holds the feet of the corpse. They wrap the middle waist with a five-foot long white cloth and put them in the coffin.

Use red envelopes (raw paper wrapped in large papyrus) to tuck around tightly, and put the funeral crystals.

Then cover the face with new cotton, which is called "opening the face".

Then use a silver needle to dip in the clear water in the basin, and make a false stroke on the face, which is called "consecration".

Finally, wipe your mouth and face with cotton dipped in water.

At that time, the dutiful son and daughter stood on both sides of the coffin and watched.

At this time, the waiter announced that everything was in order, and asked the family members to check if there was anything wrong. This is also a farewell to the corpse.

The waiter shouted, "Who else has a look?"

If no one looks at it again, let the "sub-cover" be put on, seal it with lacquer, and then float the big cover.

Everyone mourned and wailed. At this time, they took off the paper money and put it into a paper figurine or a paper tripe and burned it.

After being encoffined, meals will be served in front of the soul in the morning and evening.

The chicken crowing paper is burned at dawn, and the evening paper is burned at dusk.

During the meal, the filial wife and others all cry for a while.

After a person dies, take a small piece of the pillow he was sleeping on and put it under the coffin. When the funeral is over, pour out the contents and burn it, and throw away the pillow skin. This is called "inverted pillow".

4.Shaobao - Fold white paper and cut it into a mesh bag, put gold and silver paper pouches in it, put a red paper pomegranate flower in the mouth, burn once every "seven" (seven days), burn one every "seven", two "Seven" burns two, and so on until seven "seven".

5.Receive three——recite scriptures (monks for men and Taoists for women) on the second night after death, and "send three" after midnight (twelve o'clock at night).

The sutra chanter puts on the vestment, beats the ritual vessel, goes to the high platform outside the door (or the front yard) to chant sutras, and burns all kinds of paperwork in the open space.

At the same time, straw mats are placed behind the stage outside the gate, and all dutiful sons, family members, relatives and friends kneel on the mat facing the west (this means that the dead visit their family members for the last time on the home-looking platform).

When the chanting reached a certain stage, the family members burst into tears.

Then there is the "flame opening".

When the monk reads "calling ghosts from all walks of life", when the name of the deceased is read, the family raises their clothes.

The monk threw small steamed buns, some with copper coins in them.

The children who watched the excitement rushed to pick it up.

5.The Sutra——Generally, the coffin spirit stays at home for at least three to five "seven" (periods) (35 days), and at most seven "seven" (49 days).

It is not every day to recite sutras, but one "seven" one sutra.In addition to the scriptures invited at home, there are also close relatives who "send scriptures".

The price of reading a shed scripture is also different, generally speaking, it costs more than 200 to 300 yuan (silver dollars were used in the Republic of China).

The "program" of chanting sutras is also very complicated.

On this day, the temple first sends the sutra box, and arranges it in advance. A few tables are placed in the shed, hung with red satin embroidered aprons, and on the tables are placed Buddha statues, mirror frames, incense burners, wax skewers, and various ritual instruments (musical instruments).

There is a red satin embroidered "Happy Gate" near the front of the table.Ten frames of "water and land" are hung on the four walls of the shed, and ten halls of Yan Jun are painted on the top.

Hang a cloth flag on the pole outside the door.

This is what the "paving shop" in the temple should do.

At the beginning, monks would sit down in casual clothes (ordinary monk clothes) and read a passage, and monks would usually read the Diamond Sutra (same as nuns). In the afternoon, when "burning the door", the row would call out to the monks, "Masters, put on clothes", and they would put on Embroidered Taoist robes (commonly known as cassocks), cassocks, and ritual instruments.

6.Burning door paper——At dusk, the monk is in front, and a plate is placed in the tea room, with "shu" in it to guide the way, followed by some paper work, followed by relatives with filial piety, and finally the housekeeper and filial son.

These people lined up in a row, walked through the prescribed road, and then went to an open space. The waiter handed the tray to the filial son, lit the "shu" and burned the paper.

After these ceremonies, the monks still return to the house or the temple temporarily, and come back to set off the flames at night.

7.Flame outlet——This project is divided into two types. One is that there is a common form of flame outlet after the "three-in-one"; A continuous iron wire with a pulley on it.

A wooden crane is placed in front of the spirit, on which there is a puppet worshiping Buddha. The boy holds a wooden plate in his hand, which can put three lights.Pull it back and forth with a white rope. The light is folded with yellow and white tissue paper, cut into a chrysanthemum shape, and a wick (or a small candle) is placed in it.

The number of lanterns is directly proportional to the age of the dead, and each lantern walks on the rope for about two to three minutes, and the speed cannot be fast.

The filial son has been kneeling in front of the coffin for a long time, and sometimes he is temporarily replaced by the filial grandson.

②Crossing the bridge: This is the "running flag" from the rope in front of the spirit.

③Ten thrones: First, a large sutra platform is built with tables in the courtyard, and about four tables are piled up to form a platform. There are four floors in total, and it is about four meters high.

The monks who recite sutras all wear cassocks.

Sitting in the middle of the fourth floor is the "big seat", holding a hand bell and wearing a crown of five Buddhas. The monks on both sides are playing instruments.Such as Dharma drums, cymbals, gongs, chimes, bells, wooden fish, pipes, sheng, flutes, etc., while the "elders" in yellow clothes and red cassocks sit on the lowest level.

The filial son still kneels to listen to the scriptures.

9.Family Sacrifice - After the first Daojing, at noon family sacrifice, the filial son makes three offerings to the spirit.

10.Opening the Hanging——After the family sacrifice, it is regarded as a "ritual completion". At this time, relatives and friends who come to express their condolences can be received. There is a group of drummers outside the door. Whenever a guest enters the door, they will play for a while to inform the house.

There are filial sons kneeling on both sides of the altar, and red felt mats are spread in the middle of the altar.

As soon as the guests came to the stage to salute, the fine music class under the stage began to play (those who are more polite first lift up the red felt before saluting), and there are family members waiting to thank the guests (one-legged skewer), the guests stepped down, and the bell in the nearby tea room rang. When the music stops, the "Zhike" (receptionist) presents a silk flower and hangs it on his chest, and escorts him to the guest shed to rest.

11.Scattered posts——posts are folded in dark gray or khaki, with the word "Obituary" printed on the outer page, and the content text reads: Unfilial male XXX has committed a serious crime and will not perish by himself. X) died of pain at X hour on X month X day in X year, XX years old since he was born on X month X day in X year, an unfilial man served by his side, personally watched the funeral, and obeyed the rituals and clothes on the same day, mourning this.

12.Obituaries——Chan Sutras will be selected on X, X, and the first seven days of X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, etc. This is the whole content of sending posts, another manifestation of etiquette.

13.The subject-the Lord of God, also known as "spiritual book", is a wooden tablet on which the names of the dead (some with official titles) are written.

The one that pays attention to is made of sandalwood, with a seat and a wooden cover.First, invite famous calligraphers to write about the god, called the master of the title.When writing the inscription, the filial son goes to the filial piety clothes, changes into the auspicious clothes (green cloth robes and mandarin jackets), kneels on the red felt under the table, kowtows to see off the guests after writing, and then presents them to a table.

14.Clicking on the master - it will take a lot of trouble just to click a red dot on the finished god.

The person invited by the master of the point should invite civil servants with fame and reputation, called "the chief official of the point".

When the invited person arrived at the funeral home, the gong was played in front of the way to clear the way. He wore official plain clothes, sat in a sedan chair with eight carriages, and had a long attendant carrying official uniforms.

After arriving, change official clothes in the living room, greeted by "auspicious people", and filial sons in "auspicious clothes" kneel to greet them.

Sitting in front of a table, there are "accompanying hosts" on both sides.

Waiting to be ordered, the chief officer uses a new brush dipped in cinnabar to add a red dot on the character of the god master (there are also some filial sons who pierce the middle finger and add a blood dot).

Accompanied by the host, one is dipped in red, and the other is writing.After that, the bereaved family must send a respect instrument or a banquet.

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Regarding the before and after burial, the order is as follows:
1.Sending off the way——The whole procedure proceeded to the "banquet" and "sending off the way" which was close to the eve of the funeral.

Hosting a banquet for guests has been mentioned earlier, so I won't repeat it.

The way to see off is after dinner, preceded by the flag gong, umbrella fan and the official title board of the deceased, followed by drummers, monks or Taoist priests, and the teahouse (zhike teahouse) guides the guests forward, followed by relatives with different surnames and immediate relatives of the same clan. In the end, the filial son was supported by two waiters, holding a paper tablet in his hand, and went to an open place to burn it.

The deacon and others return to the house to play until late at night, which is called "sitting in a shed".

2.Accompanying accommodation - seeing off the return, all close relatives and friends can stay in the mourning house.

At the time of Zi Ling, relatives and family members salute to the spirit seat in order and play fine music, which is called "Ci Ling".

At the end of the ceremony, there is also a "sweeping of materials and soil", which is placed under the mattress of the heavy filial son.

Then there is "embedded coffin", that is, to embed a corner of the coffin, put a copper coin under it, and mourn, and hang a string of colorful silk threads on the nails on the coffin.

3.Picking jars—the last item of Ci Ling is picking jars. Five kinds of miscellaneous grains will be filled in the prepared longevity jars, and then the filial son will pick up the favorite vegetables of the deceased and put them into the jars.

The chopsticks were held by the waiter, and an apple was placed to block the mouth.

The red cloth cover is wrapped with red wool to form a network, and placed on the head of the coffin.

This is all operated by the tea house, and when the ceremony is ready, the "full person" will hold the pot in the arms of the daughter-in-law, and go to the funeral in a sedan chair or car.

4.Fayin—that is, a funeral. After breakfast, Fayin invites guests to have a meal and wait for the funeral after dinner.The filial sons of the mourning family all eat standing up, expressing restlessness and grief.

5.Participating in spirit—the invited monks, Taoist priests, nuns, lamas, bands, and drummers all went to the altar to play one by one, which was called Shenling, and then the funeral began.

6.Preparations for the mourning family - the "whole person" prepares to light the wax and press the kang (put an apple in a magnetic bottle).

You are not allowed to sit on the kang until you return to your soul.Give two small steamed buns to the family who send the funeral, put them in their arms, and those who want to help the filial wife, when they come out of the coffin, the filial woman cries to leave money, and her hands are not allowed to touch the door frame.

8.The sacrificial gate—the coffin is about to go out. The waiter will close the gate and paste two white papers. At this time, the "sacrificing gate officer" (reputable military officials must be invited) salutes to the outer gate.

After the ceremony, he turned his head and left without entering the inner house, and opened the door of the tea room, after which the funeral family gave a generous gift to the priest.

After the sacrificial gate, the funeral guards lined up outside the gate must pass by the gate of the mourning house in order of ranks, so these teams in a big funeral often line up several streets.

9.Types of paperwork——The funeral is another set of paperwork, with the trailblazer and the big-headed ghost at the front.

The ranks made of paper include: all the "furniture" in the bedroom, bed curtains and bedding are all real, as well as furnishings and antiques, followed by "servants", "maids", "children" in real clothes, at least 8 For one, the name is pasted on the chest of the paper figurine, and its ears, eyes, mouth, and nose are pierced (to show that it can hear, see, and speak).

They all hold the same things in their hands, such as washbasins, hair comb boxes, hookahs, spittoons, pastries, fish and vegetables, etc.Some paper-based carriages and cars have four movable wheels and are pushed by people.

10.Upper bar——The big bar is set up in the open space in front of the gate the day before the start, which is called "bright bar".

Move to the big bar when lifting the coffin.At that time, a high platform was built on the opposite side, and the monk held a soul-inducing banner and chanted for a while.

The dutiful son knelt before the pole, when the conductor of the pole worker hit the "sound ruler" and said "please basin!" The dutiful son threw the basin hard, cried for a while, and fired three cannons at the same time.

The waiter took the soul-inducing flag and held it for the filial son, and took the "mourning stick" in the other hand, and started out on the street.

There is also a special person to "remove paper money". The best technique is to throw a handful of paper money upwards, and then it will be high and sprinkled into stars, falling slowly one by one.

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Regarding the funeral, the order is as follows:
1.The lineup and order of the guard of honor is based on the funeral, and its order is: the ghost who opened the way, the ghost with a big head on the left and the right, and the Mingjing (about 4 meters high, shaped like a pavilion, hung with red silk in the middle, and nailed the official title of the deceased) , followed by a pair of big gongs, a group of drummers (all in livery), several pairs of official title plates, a red color book, a soul-returning sedan chair (green cloth and black top), and then a few "big seats", Including Lantern Pavilion, Furnace Pavilion, Flower Pavilion, Incense Pavilion, and Shadow Pavilion (the portraits and gods are placed in this pavilion). In front of each big seat, there are eight large embroidered umbrellas of the same color as the embroidery pieces of the pavilion, and eight incense sticks.

Then there are monks, Taoists, nuns and so on.

The big seat is carried by a team of 16 people, and two teams are laid down. Each person is given a new towel, and the child who beats the deacon wears bangs and a new pair of shoes.

Then there are wreaths, elegiac couplets, plaques, funeral relatives and friends, guests, paperwork, filial relatives, clans, snow willows, filial sons (covered by filial veils).

2.Coffin bars——The situation of coffin bars is different, depending on their family status, status, and economic strength.The smallest is 16 bars (people), 24 bars, the slightly wider one is 32 bars, the richest or has a title of 48 bars, or even 64 bars (there are 108 people in two classes), and there are double calls (bosses) to start the ruler , to command actions such as changing shoulders, stopping, moving forward, and changing shifts.

This person also has a set of "jargon" in the process of marching to show everyone.

The barman wears a green driving suit, a black and red flat felt hat with a chicken feather, and beige trousers.

In front of the big bar is a big red embroidered umbrella and a half pair of luan rides (including wooden gourds, axes and axes, stools facing the sky, etc.).

Behind the bar is another half Luan ride.

Finally, there are white sedan chairs and carriages for the family members of the bereaved family.

The whole team moves slowly, and sometimes the leaders have to "fall on the road". A certain leader holds down the corner of the formation, and when the deacon in front is far away, he lifts up the leader and runs along the road that is one or two feet away. Shout "Luo", pay attention to the pace of running, the pavilion is not crooked or heavy, it is very spectacular.

3.Tea table——In the route of the funeral, the manager will send someone to contact the store, and set up a tea table at the door to provide tea for the team.

There is also a tea room to deliver tea to filial sons and family members.

4.Road Sacrifice—This is a ridged road sacrificial shed presented by relatives and friends. Before the procession stops, the portraits of the deceased are put on the table and a sacrificial table is placed.

The filial son knelt and saluted in the shed, and the mourners saluted in order.

After returning to the team and continuing to move forward, there is another "sacrifice shed" as above.

5.Thank you stay – Funeral guests can leave while staying to thank them.You can make several stops along the way.

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After returning to the spirit, the sequence is as follows:
1.The whole process from returning to funeral to lingering to thank guests is almost over.

When we arrived at the cemetery, the hole had already been dug, the coffin was unloaded, and the hole was lowered.

After the burial, there is also a resurrection.

After Mingjing, Zhihuo, Xueliu, etc. went down to the ground with the big stick, the rest of the deacons had to go back to the gate of the mourning house before they could disperse.

The god and the portrait are invited down by the youngest son or grandson of the deceased, and placed in the residence with the help of them.

2.Stepping over the fire - a brazier is placed inside the gate, and a "whole person" holds rock candy. Anyone who comes back must step over the brazier to enter the door, and the "whole person" will give a piece of candy.

3.Relief——After the coffin is released from the hall, the mourner prepares a white table in the original living room for the god, hangs the portrait, lights candles and burns incense, plays fine music, and the filial sons kowtow to salute the spirit.

4.Round tomb - 3 days after the burial, the filial son and daughter will lead the main members of the family to bring incense wax paper to the cemetery to pay homage to the round tomb.

Invite a little girl in red to walk around the grave three times, which is called "opening the door of wealth".

After returning, the dutiful sons took off their filial piety clothes, and each took a hot steamed bun stuffed with brown sugar, which was called "grabbing hot steamed buns with cold hands".

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Three months after the funeral of Mrs. Tai (Li Yue), on March 1931, 3, Miss Song (Ruoli) was engaged to the second young master of the Tao family (Yunjin), so she did not have to mourn for three years and chose to stay in the church Host a wedding.

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Due to the introduction of western culture and lifestyle in the late Qing Dynasty (early 20th century), the promotion of "civilized marriage" became a trend at first, and in the early Republic of China (20s), the wedding corolla made its debut in my country for the first time.

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The bride, Miss Song (Ruoli), wears a wedding dress, a corolla, white gloves, and holds red roses; the groom, the second young master of Tao (Yunjin), wears a bow tie and a suit.

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In a Western-style wedding, instead of a sedan chair is a car covered with flowers. The two couples are surrounded by relatives and friends, which is very grand!
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The eldest lady of the Song family (Ruoli) and the second young master of the Tao family (Yunjin) walked into the church. Under the auspices of the pastor (Christian) or priest (Catholic, Orthodox), the two parties read the oath and exchanged rings one by one (Western-style kissing often Bow instead.

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Instead of the old-fashioned wedding (the bride), it is the master of ceremonies and the bridesmaid.

Then, the witness, the officiant, and the married person will use the seal in turn.

The bride and groom bow to each other, to the witnesses, the officiant and the guests, and the wedding ceremony is completed amidst the sound of music.

Chapter 80 (End)

Note: The ones with () are just to inform the readers of their respective identities.When reading, you can remove the name in () by yourself.

(End of this chapter)