Forty-eight years of Qianlong

Chapter 629 Zhou Weiguo's conspiracy
It is said that Beihai Town has no problem borrowing the famous programmatic document from another time and space. The content of a total of [-] articles is already comprehensive, and individual nouns can be slightly modified. How about making a copy?

Zhao Xin was keenly aware that there was a problem here, and although he didn't know what the other party wanted to do, he immediately stuffed two people in.During the subsequent speeches of the others, Zhou Weiguo did not speak again, but occasionally showed a pensive expression, and then began to write in the notepad.

At five o'clock in the afternoon, Yu Deli announced the end of today's meeting and continued at 08:30 tomorrow morning, and informed the time and place of dinner during the meeting.Because it was a closed-door meeting, in order to prevent the content of the meeting from leaking out, the accommodation and meals of the 29 people were gathered together, and they were not allowed to go out alone without special urgent matters and a note signed by Zhao Xin.

Zhou Weiguo packed up the things on the table, and just stepped out of the door of the conference room, Yu Deli stopped him: "Xiao Zhou, wait a minute."

Yu Deli is 57 this year, and Zhou Weiguo is just 43, so it is not surprising to call him "Little Zhou".

"Old Yu, what's the matter?"

"Dinner starts at 06:30, let's have a chat first. Well, if you have something to do now, we can chat after dinner."

"Then let's talk first." Zhou Weiguo turned around and returned to his seat. At this time, there were only him, Yu Deli and Liu Zheng left in the room.

"As for the common program, I think we can learn from the history. What do you think?"

Zhou Weiguo understood that his little idea would be difficult to realize without Yu Deli's support, so he hesitated a little and said, "I want to add an explanation on the legal rights of citizens, clarifying that we must protect personal rights and property rights. With this article, not only the political system Legitimacy is guaranteed, and the boundaries of rights and interests between the upper and lower classes can be clarified. Power cannot be excluded, and only by ensuring the individual ownership of ordinary people can the construction of constitutional government, the rule of law, and a balanced political system be realized smoothly.”

Hiss~~!Yu Deli raised his eyebrows and said in surprise, "Are you planning to introduce Roman law?"

Zhou Weiguo nodded and said: "Yes. Only by establishing an ownership criterion that prohibits encroachment on other people's property, and establishing a public power and state form with the purpose of fully protecting individual ownership, is the foundation of a republic."

Yu Deli didn't expect Zhou Weiguo to think of this, which is a big proposition.He couldn't help but cast a glance at Liu Zheng.Liu Zheng smiled and said, "Old Zhou, can you tell me what you think?"

"Okay." Zhou Weiguo looked up at the wall clock on the wall. It was early for dinner, so he opened his notepad, turned to a certain page, and assumed the posture of a teacher in class.

"In China under the traditional imperial power, the primary function of the city is to serve as a node of cohesion and transmission of power on the big network of the imperial power system. Then under this premise, the ancient urban economy has two most important characteristics. First of all, the urban economy must be placed under the control of the imperial power, and it must serve the imperial power as a whole; secondly, the prosperity of the urban economy is based on the centralized control of the ruling power over the whole society and the rapid expansion of power consumption as a premise."

"Wait a minute, old Zhou, what are you talking about? Why do I become more and more confused the more I listen to it?"

Yu Deli said dissatisfied: "Xiao Liu, why are you in a hurry! You have to let others finish talking. Xiao Zhou, you continue."

"Sorry, old Zhou."

Zhou Weiguo glanced at Liu Zheng, saw that the other party had apologized, suppressed his unhappiness, and continued: "Once this kind of prosperity based on the premise of cruelly plundering the disadvantaged reaches the limit of society's carrying capacity, the entire social structure will experience an avalanche. The collapse of the economy and the reincarnation of the next cycle will start again. So the imperial power society is not only impossible to lead to the emergence and establishment of the modern system, on the contrary, it is impossible to maintain the stable operation of the traditional economy for a long time. Can you two understand me when I say this? "

"Is it the land of the king in the whole world, and the land of the land is the king's minister." Yu Deli got up and walked to the door, opened the door and let the guard standing guard bring in a pot of boiling water, then closed the door and said: "Excuse me, please continue. "

Zhou Weiguo said in his heart that I should have left just now and should not have stayed.He secretly sighed and continued: "Beihai Town wants to build a new system and a new society. I think the most important thing is to maintain the legal rights of the common people. The reason why Europe can come out of the darkness in the Middle Ages is because Roman law established that citizens can privately own The legal right and legal system in which property is recognized and guaranteed. From commoners to nobles, even kings and emperors, they must follow and guarantee private ownership as property owners. Only on this premise can we establish a modern republic Institutions and Economic Institutions”

"Stop, stop," Liu Zheng couldn't help interrupting, "Old Zhou, the transition from an imperial power society to a civil society is an extremely complicated process. As far as I know, the British have gone through hundreds of years for the Magna Carta." Zhao Xin and Deng Fei saw how many people died. Even in our era, under the oppression of external forces, reform and revolution, autocracy Both constitutionalism and constitutionalism have gone through repeated struggles, over and over again. We haven’t even been able to talk about the foundation of citizenship, what kind of legal rights are we engaging in?”

Zhou Weiguo became a little angry now. This was the second time Liu Zheng interrupted himself, and he immediately retorted: "I don't agree with what you said, isn't it the same as fighting in Beihai Town to fight the world? Just like what Old Yu said, we only have There are 29 people, only 278 at full count. The republic of Xujun, what is that not constitutionalism? Besides, once the troops go south, the speed of conquering the world will be very fast. Even the public security police are not enough, and bureaucrats who grew up under the feudal system must be used. Who can guarantee that they will not abuse our name when they enforce the law and use power?"

"Uh"

Liu Zheng admitted that what the other party said made sense, and this was really a problem.If the people's personal and property rights are not guaranteed, it will be impossible to stop the abuse of power.He has seen too many such things in the island country over the years, and the common people are powerless to resist the wanton oppression of those subordinate bureaucrats.

However, at this moment, Yu Deli's pupils shrank undetectably. He keenly caught a word from Zhou Weiguo's words, and then pretended to be casual, and said in a flat tone: "Xiao Zhou, did you just say constitutional government?"

Before coming to Beihai Town, Zhou Weiguo was just a Chinese teacher who was interested in Western political theories, and sometimes he would make complaints on the Internet.He personally agrees with the theory of "constructing society based on civil rights and contractual relations". In his mind, the "thousand-year legal empire" like ancient Rome should be emulated and practiced most; A country that is on the rise will not fall into the vicious circle of "cycle of chaos".

He was already very depressed because of Zhao Xin'an's behavior of interfering with Yu and Liu. As a result, Liu Zheng always interrupted him, so he didn't even think about explaining: "Yes! In the system of constitutional and legal principles, citizens The right to property, life and liberty are the cornerstones leading to public rights. With a constitutional system, people's rights can be guaranteed, and it is also the prerequisite for everyone to develop their moral potential. Isn't Confucianism always talking about benevolence, righteousness and morality to rule the world?
I think that clarifying "private law" and "public law" itself is the most important content in our next constitutional process.If we want to abolish personal attachment, we must liberate personal rights and property rights. This is the first condition for us to build a modern social and economic system. "

Yu Deli understood everything now, and thought to himself, no wonder he would jump out and propose some kind of program, it turned out to be the plan.

You must know that the word "constitutional government" has two meanings. The first is to guide the political system through the constitution in a general sense, while the second is to refer specifically to a certain political system, such as the separation of powers.
In fact, this is indeed Zhou Weiguo's conspiracy.He hopes to establish his position in the future political system by drafting a programmatic document for the founding of Beihai Town and adding the theories he agrees with.As long as the concept of citizenship spreads all over the world, he will also be supported by countless people and become a legislator who can check and balance the power of the emperor.

"Xiao Zhou, are you finished?"

"That's all for now, I haven't thought about anything else yet."

Yu Deli nodded, raised his hand to stop Liu Zheng who was about to speak, paused and said, "Kennedy has a saying, don't ask what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country. The West People say that freedom is the foundation of all other rights. Whether it is the individual rights standard represented by Locke or the overall rights standard represented by Rousseau, they are all talking about rights. Whether it is the American Declaration of Independence or the French The "Declaration of Human Rights" is all about rights from the beginning, just like what you said, life, property, and freedom. Do you have any objection to me saying that?"

Zhou Weiguo was a little uncertain about Yu Deli's thoughts, but he still nodded in approval and said, "No. It's okay to be older than you, and you know a lot."

Liu Zheng also admired Deli in his heart, saying that this quiet, dull head in Beihai Town has been engaged in political education for so many years, so he really couldn't see that he was actually a math teacher before.

"Okay, then let's talk about the Chinese people's concept of rights. Well, it may not be accurate to say that. In our Chinese culture, whether it is Huang Lao or Confucius and Mencius, they all talk about responsibility. Taoism talks about humility and softness. Confucianism emphasizes etiquette and rectification of names. Confucius said that 'junjun, ministers, father and son, son and son', everyone must bear their own responsibilities, so that their names can be correct. Mencius said that 'inner sage and outer king' are responsibilities, Wang What they often say about self-cultivation, family harmony, state governance, and peace of the world are also responsibilities, and even the emperor must practice benevolent government in order to be responsible to heaven."

"I am ashamed to say that I was not familiar with traditional culture before. Although I have read so many ancient documents, if it hadn't been for the frequent discussions with Wang Zhong and the others these years, I would not understand many things. Alas, in our era, the traditional culture was broken. so amazing."

"It is said in the Shangshu that the octaves are harmonious, and there is no phase to compete with others. God and man are in harmony. Harmony is the highest pursuit of our national culture. When we have pursuit, we must talk about responsibility. Therefore, we talk about 'benevolence', in order to achieve the ideal of benevolence. At this point, Confucianism also talks about propriety. In my opinion, propriety is a list of responsibilities, so that disorder can be transformed into order, and if propriety can be maintained all the time, it is probably not far from benevolence.”

"But the problem is that politeness is not enough, you have to have sincerity from the heart. I think Mencius said it most thoroughly. He said, 'The honest one is the way of heaven; the one who thinks sincerely is the way of man. Sincerity Those who are not immovable have not yet existed; those who are not sincere have not been able to move.'”

"Our culture has too high requirements for personal quality and self-cultivation, and it is difficult for most people to achieve it. That's why those former talents always feel that the world is declining and people's hearts are not good."

The more Zhou Weiguo listened, the more confused he became. He couldn't help but said, "Old Yu, what are you trying to say? I'm really not interested in Confucius and Mencius."

"Yeah." Yu Deli nodded slightly, looked up at Zhou Weiguo's eyes and said, "Xiao Zhou, is our culture really bad? You would rather use Roman law, which is ready-made by Westerners, than in traditional culture. Are you looking for an answer?"

Zhou Weiguo wondered if he could still talk properly?Co-authored and detoured for a long time, just to ask me this?He said angrily: "Where do you look for rotten dross? If there is an answer, it would have been found long ago in our history! In Chinese tradition, there has never been personal responsibility in the strict sense, only obedience to duty-bound slaves." , an irresponsible abuse of power!"

"It's not that we don't talk about rights in our culture, but we have to talk about responsibility first. That's because without responsibility, there is no way to talk about rights. This is fundamentally different from Western culture."

Seeing that the other party still didn't give up, Yu Deli said decisively: "Chinese culture is a system of responsibility ethics, never a system of contractual rights. Chen Qingsong had struggled with the legitimacy of the political system for a long time before. If we fulfill our responsibilities, the people will definitely give us corresponding rights, and we will naturally have legitimacy. As for the issues you mentioned, of course, we will have our own constitution, and we will definitely govern according to the constitution, but this is by no means It means that we want to implement a constitutional government with separation of powers! Even the goal of land reform has not been completed, talk about property rights, who are you going to tell?!"

"Old Yu, don't get me wrong, me."

Seeing Zhou Weiguo's sudden confusion, Liu Zheng secretly gave a thumbs up in his heart.This is old enough, talk one after another.In fact, if he hadn't kept in mind to keep up with the "organization" before, he would almost have been led into the ditch by Zhou Weiguo's theory.

A drop of cold sweat broke out from Zhou Weiguo's forehead, and he realized that Yu Deli had already seen through his thoughts.Oh, I've been calculating for a long time, how could I forget about the land reform?Hold on, hold on!Not this time, there will be opportunities in the future, so don't be in a hurry.

Thinking of this, his complexion softened, and he smiled and said: "Oh, Lao Yu, I was confused! Don't worry, I have no other intentions."

Zhou Weiguo turned his head to look at Liu Zheng, and saw that the other party was also looking at him coldly, so he said: "In this case, let's change the sixty articles a little bit, without adding any content. After dinner, I will Change it when you get back, and then show it to you two, how about it?"

A smile appeared on the corner of Liu Zheng's mouth, and he said, "Old Zhou, don't get me wrong, should we sit down and discuss if we have any problems? This matter is just not clear."

"Yep!"

Yu Deli suddenly smiled easily, stood up and patted Zhou Weiguo on the shoulder and said, "That's it. Let's go have dinner together and have a good drink."

(End of this chapter)