Wanli Xinming

Chapter 130

Asking the court to abandon its determination to protect water transport and asking the court to abandon the canal are two completely different things.The function of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is not only to protect the transportation of grains, but it also has a role that cannot be ignored - to shorten the spatial distance between the north and the south of Beijing.

When the canal was completely unnavigable, the time it took for merchants and pedestrians to travel by land between the two places was suddenly extended from the original ten days to a month. Such inefficiency definitely affects the government's governance of the entire Jiangnan, a heavily taxed area, and also affects the north and south. commodity circulation.

Therefore, Pan Jixun's so-called abandonment of waterway transportation only means abandonment of waterway transportation.That is to say, if the canal is not used to transport grain, then there is no need to keep the Three Thousand Mile Canal open at any time - it will greatly reduce the difficulty of governance of the Yellow River.

Initially, in order to meet Zhu Yijun's "three guarantees" requirements of protecting water transport, protecting ancestral tombs, and protecting people's livelihood, Pan Jixun's first edition of the river management report put forward great restrictions on the river management method proposed to the imperial court. Weir and dams store water and attack sand, and they dare not expand Weishan Lake to affect people's livelihood and transportation. Therefore, all the work done is to make small troubles and make repairs, which is similar to Zhu Heng's method.

Even if Zhu Yijun, a semi-layman, thinks that this version of the plan cannot solve the problem of the dense flooding of Huang and Huai.

The Yellow River in the Wanli period has been fixed on the Xinzheng-Xuzhou-Huai'an line for hundreds of years. It was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty that it broke through again in the Tongwaxiang of Henan and returned to the north, ending the history of the confluence of the Huanghuai and Huaihe Rivers.

In the 18th year of Yongle, Cheng Zu moved the capital to Beijing, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal became the lifeline.The [-]-mile-long canal from Xuzhou to Qingkou in the Grand Canal must be supported by the Yellow River to keep it smooth.

The Yellow River ran rampant in the Huaihe River and the southwest of Shandong Province, with many diversions, which seriously affected the water transportation.

Therefore, during this period of time, the Ming court's idea of ​​water control was to "block the south and sparse the north, restrain the flow of the Henan, so as to protect the water transport", using the long embankment constraints, the Huai River and its tributaries as the downstream channel of the Yellow River flood.Emperor Hongzhi and Emperor Jiajing built Jindi and Nandi respectively, which were the products under the guidance of this kind of thinking.

The direct consequence of this kind of thinking and practice is that the sediment of the Yellow River is deposited in the lower reaches of the Huai River, resulting in the deposition of the original deep and wide Huai River into an above-ground river, and the Huai River water system has suffered huge damage.However, the Huaihe River, which cannot compete with the Yellow River, took another route and rushed into the Yangtze River, causing the water flow in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to increase, which also brought huge flood control pressure to the Susong area.

The ridiculous and sad thing is that as long as the imperial court keeps the water transportation, the suffering of the people in the Lianghuai area is not within the scope of consideration of the Ming court.In the 14th year of Yongle, the Yellow River burst in Kaifeng, flooded fourteen prefectures and counties, and entered the Huaihe River from the Wohe River.Because the fate was not endangered, the imperial court ignored it at that time and let the Yellow River flow for more than [-] years, letting it go.

In the following years of Orthodox, Jingtai, Hongzhi, and Jiajing, there were several super floods in the Huang and Huai Rivers. The thinking of the imperial court has remained unchanged.

At that time, the areas of southeastern Henan and northwestern Anhui had become water towns and zeguo, Fengyang, Sizhou, Huai'an and other places were suffering from disasters for a long time.

A piece of Fengyang Huagu, which has been widely circulated in later generations, expresses the pain that the Ming court brought to the people: "Fengyang, Fengyang, Fengyang is a good place, since Emperor Zhu came out, it has been ten years Nine years of famine. Big families sell mules and horses, and small families sell sons.”

This lyric was written by the people of the Ming Dynasty. The original text of the first sentence is: "I live in Luzhou and Fengyang." The later Teresa Teng also composed the popular song "Fengyang Flower Drum" based on this folk song.

With the deepening of Pan Jixun's research and the gradual formation of Zhu Yijun's policy of abandoning the protection of water transport, Pan Jixun, on the basis of abandoning the idea of ​​"blocking the south and dredging the north" to manage the river, put forward a complete plan to make him famous in future generations: increase the height To widen Gaojiayan, store the water of Hongze Lake, use the water of Hongze Lake to carry out the project of “Bunning Water to Attack Sand”, brush the waterways of deep Yellow River siltation, increase the downstream flow, thereby reducing the flooding of the two rivers.

This idea of ​​​​governing the river, the original time and space has been implemented in the late Qing Dynasty.However, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a dead knot that was difficult to unravel—the height of Gaojiayan, the expansion and deepening of Hongze Lake, and the arrival of the flood season of the Yellow and Huaihe Rivers would threaten the safety of Zuling.Therefore, until the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the "shushui attacking the sand" was always a half-baked project, and the flooding of the Huanghuai River was still frequent.

Zhu Yijun, Zhang Juzheng and other cabinet ministers discussed repeatedly, and asked the empress dowagers Chen and Li for instructions. In the end, they could not make up their minds to move the ancestral mausoleum. ——If you really want to do this now, the political resistance is too great, and it is not an exaggeration to say that it will shake the country.

However, if the ancestral mausoleum is not moved, the effect of "bundling water and attacking sand" will be greatly reduced. The Ming Dynasty will always survive under the threat of these two rivers, and a lot of resources will be invested in the vicious circle of disaster relief and leak repair - this is another Zhu Yijun could not tolerate it.

Moreover, because of the in-depth research of Pan Jixun in this time and space, in the second edition of the report, the short board of the strategy of "swarming water and attacking sand" was also proposed.Due to the unresolved root problem of "Huanghuai Confluence", and the effect of "Huanghuai strong and Huaihe weak, Huang high and Huaihe low", during the flood season, the Huaihe waterway cannot fully accommodate the floodwater, which will lead to backwater flooding into the flood. Lake, silting up the clear water mouth of Hongze Lake.

If things go on like this, on the one hand, it will affect the effect of "beaming water against sand", and on the other hand, after the water flow slows down, a hanging river will form below Xuzhou.

After the second plan was rejected by the emperor, Pan Jixun finally made his mind up again. This time it was finally too big. He actually wanted to use a series of dam projects and excavation of new rivers to restore the Yellow River and Huai River's access to the sea alone!

The specific idea is to first cut off the entry channels of the Yellow River into Hongze Lake and the original Huai River, and use a series of dams and old river channels to force the Yellow River into the sea.Then, with Hongze Lake as the hub, the Huaihe water was put into the old channel, and the connection between the Huaihe and the Yangtze River was cut off.

This grand project will make use of the newly opened and the previous two rivers alternately to completely solve the siltation problem of the Yellow River.The construction plan is as follows:
First, a new channel was opened to lead the Yellow River, which had seized the Huaihe River, to the north.At the same time, the Gaojia Weir was raised and widened to store Huai water, and then out of the lake from the southwest of Hongze Lake, the old channel of the Yellow River was used to enter the sea, and the old channel was brushed out.

When a part of the old river channel is brushed out, the passage of the Huaihe River into the Yangtze River will be cut off, all the water of the Huaihe River will be introduced into Hongze Lake, and the Qingshui mouth in the southwest of Hongze Lake will be widened to increase the efforts to brush the river.

When the new channel of the Yellow River gradually silts up after 30 years, the gates of the Yellow River will be closed, new dams will be built, and the Yellow River will flow into Hongze Lake and into the Huai River (Old Yellow River) that has been scoured; at the same time, the northeast part of Hongze Lake will be opened The large sluice may directly break the dam, and use the newly built dam to divert the Huai water entering Hongze Lake into the "New Yellow River" to wash away the silted New Yellow River.

In this way, the two river channels are used alternately, one clear and one turbid. On the one hand, after the confluence of the Yellow and Huaihe Rivers, the flood backflow during the flood season and the siltation problem of Hongze Lake clearing the mouth; The eternal problem has been fundamentally solved.Finally, because Hongze Lake has two water outlets, it will greatly relieve the pressure on Zuling.

The only shortcoming of this plan is that when the Yellow River enters Hongze Lake, it will cause siltation of Hongze Lake and the failure of the hub.However, Pan Jitun judged that because the Huaihe River is located at a relatively low position, when the river course is changed again, most of the sediment deposited in Hongze Lake will be washed away and will not become a major problem. For the sake of a century, it can be left outside Hongze Lake The next part of the land will not be developed and will be used as a spare flood discharge area; the dredging and dredging project of Hongze Lake can also be carried out in the dry season to expand the storage capacity.

If this plan is successful, it will kill many things with one stone, and at the same time meet the emperor's requirements to protect the ancestral mausoleum, the canal, and the people's livelihood.Moreover, the use of this national major project and the surrounding supporting water conservancy projects will make the Huaihe River and Yellow River basins, which have been suffering from disasters all the year round, become the land of grain and rice - the real merit will be in the future.

Zhang Juzheng saw the money, food, labor and labor spent on the third report handed in by Pan Jixun at that time. He took a deep breath and sentenced the third report to death.But when Zhu Yijun saw it, he was greatly surprised.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the methods used to manage the Yellow River and Huaihe River were similar to Pan Jixun's third plan. The biggest difference was that the Huaihe River was not completely changed as a tributary of the Yangtze River, and the Yellow River was also diverted at that time. Therefore, the two rivers were managed. All belong to single-watershed management.As for the siltation problem of the Yellow River, there is no need to solve it in the new century, because the lower reaches of the Yellow River are basically dying.

The follow-up effect of this plan will be very inspiring: on the one hand, the three rivers will be linked together, and the water state of flooding will be broken, and the Yellow River and Huaihe River will be used to enter the sea separately to solve the problem of the conflict between the Yellow River and Huaihe River and the excessive water volume in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at one time. question.Since then, the flood control and governance of the three major rivers, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Huai River, has become a single-basin problem.

Second, the two rivers use Hongze Lake and a series of surrounding lakes as hubs, and take turns to use the strategy of "bundling water and attacking sand" to control the Yellow River, which will effectively control the problem of sedimentation hazards in the Yellow River.

The third aspect is that the two rivers come out at the same time, the water storage pressure of Hongze Lake is reduced, and the Ming Zu Mausoleum is also preserved. Of course, if it is to be done once and for all, Zhu Yijun plans to move the Ancestral Mausoleum when the time is right.

Finally, this core project, together with the supporting related water conservancy facilities, will change the turbid and turbid waters and sediment in the Huanghuai region, which has been suffering all year round, and turn the entire Huaihe River Basin and the Yellow River Basin into a land of fish and rice!Although it cannot be done once and for all, at least half of the problems that the Yellow River and Huaihe Rivers burst and affect the lower reaches of the Yangtze River will be solved.

Zhu Yijun judged that although the manpower and material resources used by this plan are extremely amazing, it is indeed possible to realize it at this time:
When the new China managed the Huaihe River, the surrounding areas of the Huaihe River were densely populated with large and small cities, which could not be relocated at all. Therefore, the method of building dams in the upper reaches and diverting the streams in the lower reaches was adopted, and the mainstream was still injected into the Yangtze River.

However, at this time in this time and space, due to the perennial flooding of the Huanghuai River, large-scale settlement towns have not been formed in the Huanghuai Plain and northern Jiangsu. Most of the areas are swamps and fields. within the acceptable range;
The two courts now have a large sum of money to start the project;

The large-scale development of the Northeast by the three will form a short window period when the population pressure is reduced. When the development of the Northeast is mature, the population pressure will increase upwards, and immigration will be more difficult at that time.

Therefore, after considering Pan Jixun's third plan, Zhu Yijun felt that the restoration of the old route of the Yellow River might be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to change the perennial flooding of the Chinese nation!

Besides, what Zhang Juzheng dare not think about, Zhu Yijun, as a transmigrator, still dare not think about it?
At the end of the second year of Wanli, Pan Jixun ended his inspection of various river basins in the country and went to the capital to report his work.Under the leadership of Zhu Yijun, adhering to the principle of perfecting the plan while construction, the preparatory works were carried out in the third year of Wanli.

Therefore, this third plan has been kept secret, and in the third year of Wanli, the whole country was in full swing. In fact, it was the initial project and farmland water conservancy basic project that the second and third plans had to do.

It was not until Pan Jixun was attacked when the river was changed to the sea that the imperial court announced part of it, mainly the project of heightening and widening the Gaojia Weir, which was less than one-tenth of the total project volume of the third plan.

Even so, it suppressed Pan Jixun's anti-sea faction to the point of being speechless.

At the end of the third year of Wanli in this time and space, the government and the opposition reached a consensus with the reform of the river and the sea, and the Yellow River flooded again this year, which finally made the court in this time and space learn from it.Zhu Yijun first persuaded the cabinet, and then pushed the court to pass the third plan. He planned to invest 200 million taels of silver in the first phase, and gradually increase the total amount to 3000 million taels. In a period of 20 years, all of them will be completed through the new Yellow River to the sea. The whole basin water control project with the core!
　The old Mocha, the trouble, the trouble, I changed it seven or eight times, and finally wrote this chapter: The plan designed in this chapter is just a dream of old Mo—in the feudal empire During this period, our land of Huanghuai really needed a great project to become an unparalleled king.

　　Also: This is a big chapter, and readers will greatly appreciate the efforts of Lao Mo and cast your precious votes - encourage the authors to carefully read the materials, read the papers, check the geography, and compile the plan.Thanks!Recommended tickets and monthly tickets are both!

　　
　
(End of this chapter)