Wanli Xinming

Chapter 128
In the Ming Dynasty, the Cao Jun was responsible for the transportation of water at the beginning.After Hongwu, the Cao Army was arranged to station fields around the canal, and was responsible for tasks such as transporting grain and maintaining the canal.

During the Hongwu period, the capital was in Nanjing, and the task of water transportation was very easy; in order to attack Mongolia, the water transportation to the north and Liaodong was dominated by sea transportation during the Hongwu period, and at most 70 stones a year were all by sea.

After Yongle moved its capital to Beijing, sea, land and river transportation were simultaneously developed at the beginning. The first commander of water transportation was Pingjiang Bo Chenxuan. At that time, he was in charge of the three parts of the canal, land transshipment and sea transportation. Next, it also exceeded 70 shi.

Chen Xuan is a pioneering figure in the history of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In his hands, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal truly became the artery of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

This person is sincere and sincere, and does everything by himself.He first dredged the Huitong River, and later he creatively used the large and small rivers and mountains in the north, built several reservoirs to store water, and built hundreds of sluices to ensure that the canal has water available in the dry season.In his hands, the three thousand miles of the Grand Canal was finally achieved.

The canal management system, water storage method, shallow boat manufacturing, storage distribution and other canal maintenance and operation methods established by Chen Xuan have been used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

When he founded the system, the Cao Army was divided into two parts. One part maintained the security of the canal and the security of the canal was still called the Cao Army;

During the Wanli period, the number of Cao troops who were paid and silver did not change much, and it was always around [-]; while Yunding flourished on both sides of the canal, from the initial [-] Zhengding to more than [-].

There were about 250 water boats on the canal in the Ming Dynasty.There are [-] to [-] transporters in a ship, and [-] ships form a gang, which supervise each other and make guarantees. They are called Cao Gangs. There are [-] Cao Gangs in the entire canal. ——The Cao Gang mentioned by later generations belongs to the semi-underground underworld gang. Although it was also composed of Cao Ding, it was established in the Yongzheng period.

These cao Ding are responsible for the transportation tasks, and with the backup Ding, there are no more than 8 people at full capacity.So what are the remaining 20 Cao Ding doing?Farming land for the officers of the Cao Army and government officials at all levels—the farmland that once belonged to the imperial court or the polder fields that the imperial court did not recognize. They were basically in a semi-serf state and suffered terribly.

Pan Jitun played to the court and said that too much manpower was used to manage the river.Labor was levied in various places, delaying the field work, and the common people were suffering.Since the court intends to use the sea water, then the unused Cao army and Yun Ding Pan Jitun will be rounded up - Your Majesty, these people may not be enough, you have to strictly require the provinces and localities, and the ones that should be levied must be levied!
When the officials who opposed the shipping saw this guy jumping out, they immediately set fire to attack.Say you are bragging, can you use 50 labor labor to cure a river?
Pan Jixun couldn't stand it. With the permission of the imperial court, he put together the river management tasks that had been broken down and assigned. is not enough.

Immediately, the local officials who took the task of controlling the river became red-eyed. This is a pair of excellent graspers.In order to achieve double excellence, the best way is to not collect labor labor in the hometown, and use all migrant workers. Is this account still unclear?

A double-excellent, get an iron rice bowl for his descendants.In the past, the grace of a yin descendant, don't even think about it if you can't achieve the third rank or higher!

So motivated people wrote to Pan Jixun one after another: Assistant Minister Pan Shilang, have you forgotten?My fifth uncle is the same age as your old man, don't make a round, give me 3 to [-] yuan, and I will mobilize the squires to take care of the food, and I will pay them [-] grandchildren's wages a day!
You come and go here in the capital, and the fight is in full swing. The "Huangming Nanjing Daily" was not idle, and followed up in real time, publishing and commenting on the arguments of both sides in the newspaper. Although it was five days later than the news from the capital, the citizens of Jiangnan were still hooked.It's great to find this newspaper. After I read and listened to it, I can discuss national affairs.

As for the newspapers saying that if the court used Haicao, it would save millions of stone grains. People from Jiangnan all stretched their necks and waited for the court to relieve their burden.

Nanjing Daily's seemingly fair position gradually tilted the outcome of the two sides.And Wang Shizhen, who opened a column in the newspaper, was like a dagger and a spear, and finally broke the opposition's public opinion among the people.

At the end of October of the third year of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng presided over the great court meeting. After some discussions and reporting to the emperor for approval, the court finally issued the Haicao policy, which wiped out the final resistance:
The court agreed to divide the annual water transport task into two halves.Half original color, half folded color.

Since the fourth year of Wanli, the original color of 200 million stones has been broken down into 200 parts, each of which is [-] stones, and awarded to sea merchants who are interested in bidding; the other [-] million stones are all folded - on the one hand, for a future whip On the other hand, it promotes currency circulation.

If maritime merchants want to do this business, they must pay 1000 taels of silver insurance every year to prevent encountering Jiaolong—the so-called tornado.The imperial court does not collect this insurance money, and the maritime merchants independently set up an insurance committee to determine the loss and distribute it by themselves, but it needs to be supervised by the Ministry of Households.

After the sea merchants carry the grain, the amount of boarding and disembarkation is the same, and the loss is borne by oneself.If there is a storm and the insurance money is not enough to pay, you will pay yourself, and if you can't pay, you will go bankrupt and liquidate, and at the same time, the qualifications of the carrier will be poured out.

The court did three things. First, the local government collected the grains and transported them to the wharf; second, the court set up a department to receive the grains, inspect the quality and distribute the freight; The safety of seaborne grain.

As soon as this policy came out, all the sea merchants in the world who wanted to whitewash their eyes were full of tears, shouting that this emperor is good, the emperor's grace is boundless!We immediately responded to the call, took out half of the smuggling boats, and shipped them dry!
Why are they so motivated?It turns out that there are rumors in the rivers and lakes that as long as you can get the qualification for water transportation, even if the imperial court investigates smuggling in the future, half of the business can still be saved.The truth of not putting eggs in one basket, these maritime merchants understand better than landlords.

In this way, in the end, only the more than ten thousand officials up and down the canal hated Wang Zongmu to the bone - a mother-in-law of yours, who actually smashed the yamen!Wang Zongmu, ah Wang Zongmu, let's fuck your eighth generation of ancestors together!

Just after the scolding here, the imperial court's resettlement policy for them also arrived, and a sea and grain transportation department was established under the household department to specifically manage sea and water affairs.Wang Zongmu will be in charge of the Zuo Shilang of the Household Department. At the same time, 130 capable ministers will be selected from the Cao officials, and they will go to Beijing to become officials in Beijing.

This time, this group of people also split up. For the vacancy of the Haicao Grain Transportation Division of the hundred or so people, they reported each other's hindrances, and almost made their brains.

It's ridiculous and unexpected.The court changed the river water to the sea water, and in the end it was the Supreme Court who suffered the most.On the one hand, because the imperial court set up a "special class for the reform of rivers and waters", and transferred cadres from the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of War, and the Inspectorate, and more than a dozen inspection teams to confirm responsibility, supervise the handling, and check the accounts and backlogs over the years;

On the other hand—According to the notes recorded by Mr. Ge Shouli, the imperial censor of Zuodu after his retirement, from the third year of Wanli to the fifth year of Wanli, the Supervision Office received a real-name report letter about the corruption of the Caoyun officials, which filled two large bookshelves. ——Waiting for his retirement in the fifth year of Wanli, the Metropolitan Procuratorate, which has expanded and expanded, has not even completed half of the clues.

In the case of corruption investigation, the soft-handed Metropolitan Procuratorate was found, and the house was raided to the weak-legged Jin Yiwei. In the end, the most he said to the many criminals who were caught was: You wait, as long as you wait another three months, the local government will not Is it more?
What they mean is that, at the end of the third year of Wanli, the imperial court set up the Gyeonggi Metropolitan Cao Transport Division under the Hai Cao Grain Transport Division.

The foreign company is responsible for the transshipment from Zhigu to Tongzhou; at the same time, the Haicao Grain Transportation Division has set up branches in Huguang, Songjiang, Suzhou and Hangzhou, Fujian, Jiangxi and other places, and is responsible for various handover and supervision affairs of local Caograin transshipment to the wharf - the whole A total of [-] vacancies were found in the original river and water department, but they were not all filled.

　Readers are welcome to support, thank you, old Mo!

　　
　
(End of this chapter)