Xinshun 1730

Chapter 846

On July 1746, 7, the Netherlands, which was in internal chaos, finally waited for the news that completely collapsed their mentality.

With the cooperation of some Dashun technical officers, the French army captured the Maastricht fortress group.

Not a siege to force surrender.

It was a storm under artillery attack.

The significance of this fortress to the Netherlands, in terms of its symbolic and practical significance, is roughly equivalent to Shanhaiguan in Daming;

Intuitively, it is equivalent to the Daming Shanhaiguan being breached; or Dashun's Tianjin Wei Fortress group being captured by overseas forces.

In 1672, Marshal Vauban captured the fortresses of Maastricht, which directly led to the digging of the embankment in Amsterdam and the replacement of soldiers with water. die.

More than 70 years later, the Maastricht fortress group was still breached, the Vauban siege method was still technically improved, and it was still the French with some Dashun technical officers mixed in.

The purely anarchic pamphlets about "the French are coming, the last carnival" that had been circulated were finally fermented by this precarious reality.

Man is a strange animal.

In science fiction stories, when human beings are about to be destroyed, it is the pair of twisted, naked "maggots" hugging each other in Australia, where humans are forced to migrate; In the last few 10 minutes, desperate human beings fell into the final madness, crying in despair, throwing away too much moral carnival, and even throwing away the morality of blood relatives.

Despair is the solvent of all morality.

The Dutch were of course desperate at this time.

Originally in history, in the past few years, after the Maastricht fortress group was breached by the French army, they repeated the story of 1672, drove away the Regency faction, and invited the Orange faction to power.

Originally in history, they still had hope.

The so-called hope is sometimes a kind of self-illusion and self-deception.

They felt that the Orangemen could hold up the mess.

However, the present reality is no longer the same as the original history.

A few years ago, Liu Yu successfully pushed William of Orange to the fore by taking advantage of the patriotic and great country sentiments of the Dutch people, the arrogance of the East India Company and the Celestial Empire, and the dissatisfaction of the Regency for 40 years of inaction.

Then, when the Maastricht fortresses were actually under siege, the Dutch people looked around and saw that they had no hope, no room for self-fantasy and self-deception.

All that is left is despair.

The rumors of "burning, killing and looting of the Vandalism of the French" that were preached to encourage the Dutch to fight have now become a nightmare like "the Mongol massacre of the city".

Desperation burned throughout the Netherlands, and unrest began in the cities.

Murders, robberies, public venting of dissatisfaction with the regency oligarchs, hangings, vengeance, outbursts of repression... It was like a fire, burning from one city to another.

In history, the Orange faction came to power, essentially, because the people were dissatisfied with the Regency faction.The Regents are Republicans.The resurgence of "reactionary" doctrine in the Netherlands is precisely because of the over-developed capitalist development in the Netherlands, so that many people would rather find a monarch for themselves.

This time the incitement seems to be talking about the freedom that the radicals in the republican faction said, but in fact it is encouraging the third and fourth ranks of the people to vent their dissatisfaction with the regency oligarchs.

At this critical moment when the Netherlands is about to go into chaos, the conservative faction in the republican faction and the reformist faction in the princely party have reached a political alliance.

On July 7, William IV of the Orange family admitted that he suffered from intermittent insanity and was not enough to fulfill the duties of the consul given to him by the Dutch people.

On the 15th, William IV transferred the powers of the consul to the newly formed Regency Council.Including the powers and responsibilities of the commander-in-chief of the army and navy, but since the consul can be the commander-in-chief of the navy and army, the Regency Committee has control over the navy and army, and can also appoint generals, but it cannot be directly considered that the Regency Committee can appoint the commander-in-chief of the navy and army.

On the afternoon of the 15th, William IV left The Hague by car.

The political arena of the Netherlands has never been so efficient. The Regency Committee issued orders to each city: In view of the current chaotic situation in the Republic, the militias in each city were immediately taken over by the Regency Committee to send officers to maintain order, and the city of Leiden was judged to elect its own militia leader. His actions violated the laws of the Netherlands.

Subsequently, the Regency Council issued a notice to the Netherlands, announcing that the Netherlands was in danger and that this meaningless war should come to an end.

The Netherlands should make peace with France, and if France can withdraw its troops, the Netherlands will unilaterally tear up the Anglo-Dutch mutual defense treaty and withdraw from the war immediately.

The members of the Regency Council immediately recalled the troops stationed in the southern fortress group, withdrew to Amsterdam, and began to march to various cities, temporarily taking over the management of each city.

In view of the fact that the riots have not yet reached the point of being out of control, and in view of the fact that the people of the Netherlands still have to learn what to do from France decades later.

As a result, the Regency Committee disarmed the militia in Leiden without bloodshed, stabilized the street riots in various cities, and divided a large number of serious elements among those who took the opportunity to create riots with the harshest punishment in the Netherlands-divided by five horses, internal organs Tie it to a wooden pole for seabirds to peck at.

Originally, the republicans of Cromwell's cities had been clamoring for the autonomy, freedom, and centralization of the cities.At this moment, not a word of objection has been uttered to this apparent act of "tyranny".

Because, Devil's Night on the 14th - that's what they called it, and many of the Fourth Estate called it Liberty Night - these urban oligarchs found that the angry third and fourth estates were getting anarchic restraint After that, the first thing to do is to hang them urban oligarchs, big businessmen and taxpayers.

In the end, what can protect them is stability, order, the violent machinery of the state, laws, traditions, and the state.

On the 20th, the Regency Council promised to carry out some reforms in the Netherlands, set up a professional petition reception team, and compensate the victims of the "Hague Accident" After letting go of the past, the coup ended.

The flames of the riots were gradually suppressed.

The Council of Regents moved the ruling center of the Netherlands back to Amsterdam from The Hague, where it had originally wanted to avoid the huge Regency forces in Amsterdam.

Everyone has gained from this coup.

The radicals among the republicans, seeing the real power of the third and fourth estates, began to think about making room for their existence in the political, equal, and virtuous citizens of the future.

The regency oligarchs guarded their property, status, and political institutions that favored them.At least, the Regency Council did not make drastic reforms or directly take over power, but only sent troops to maintain the chaotic order for the time being.

The Orange faction retained the last bit of prestige of the Orange family. At least William IV was not killed by the angry people. Although he lost the status of consul, the consul system was still retained, and there was still a chance for a comeback.

The conservatives among the republicans got many things they could only dream of.

An intimidation against the sub-provincial self-government faction, a seat that can take all the credit when you can get enough prestige immediately, an excellent opportunity to negotiate with France that no one will object because of patriotic enthusiasm.

Kang Bushao, who was in Amsterdam, never expected that the political situation in the Netherlands would be stabilized in such a weird way.

But considering the stabilized situation, it seems that Dashun's goal has been achieved no matter what.

When William IV announced on the 15th that he would give up the position of consul, he had secret negotiations with Anthony, and revealed part of the grand plan of cooperation between the two parties...

On the French side, with unprecedented efficiency, it can even be said that they have sent people to wait in the border area of ​​​​the Austrian Netherlands.

At the beginning of August, as a mediator and guarantor, Dashun Qi Guogong witnessed the negotiations between France and the Netherlands as a guarantor in Brussels, which was captured by the French army.

Because, apart from Dashun, the rest of the countries are either too small to be this "guarantor", or they are belligerents in the War of Austrian Succession.

Although Dashun was still at war with the Netherlands, it was not a party to the War of Austrian Succession, so theoretically it was quite appropriate to be the guarantor.

The venue for the negotiations is near the Brussels City Hall on the Grand Place in downtown Brussels.

In the distance, the iconic Manneken Pis "Male Gobi" was covered with a piece of clothing by the French.

Originally, the French planned to directly dismantle the copper piece and transport it back to Paris, but considering the sentiments of the Brussels people, Louis XV did not do so in the end considering the possible Austrian-French alliance in the future.on the contrary,
The Fawang also "wenyi" for a while, and specially ordered the little hero to wear clothes.

The breach of Brussels marked the defeat of the Austrian and British coalition forces in the field; the breach of the Maastricht fortress group marked that the defeat of the Netherlands was a foregone conclusion.

However, France did not win, and the French court also understood that the current French finances and standing army have bottomed out, and Russia's military dispatch is inevitable. Even if it is bargained and priced, it is only a matter of time.

Now all countries are "small standing armies", which is not the same as that of Prussia, nor is it the same as the military system of a series of wars later.

Furthermore, the French navy is really... on the sea, it was robbed by the British everywhere. A naval battle broke out in the West Indies. The French navy desperately broke through, but all the escorting merchant ships were detained and all the merchants were arrested. .

In addition, the king's will must be implemented no matter what, and the negotiation between France and the Netherlands, with Dashun as the guarantor, began.

The French were more efficient than ever, because they were directly dependent on the secrets of the king.

The Dutch also showed unprecedented efficiency, because now no one in the Netherlands is willing to come to this muddy water and fill this big hole except for the Regency Council.

Public opinion, including constraints, does not exist at this time.

The second breach of the Maastricht fortress group and the smooth sailing of the Dashun to Nanyang made the Dutch people completely lose the last bit of great power feeling and the last bit of fanaticism of the golden age.

Of course, there is still patriotism.But it has reached this point, and rational patriots don't mind signing a treaty anymore, as long as France doesn't attack; irrational fanatics have completely collapsed mentally.

Both sides had unprecedented efficiency, and the Dutch side also "accepted the vote" and drove away the Orange family, so the negotiation was completed with an unprecedented efficiency.

Dashun's guarantee is mainly to guarantee the credibility of France, because now France has the upper hand.

France and the Netherlands signed the "French-Dutch Brussels Peace Treaty" on August 1746, 8.

The treaty stipulates:

The Netherlands withdraws from the war - including naval and army participation and monetary support.

The Netherlands severed any alliance with Great Britain, including but not limited to the Anglo-Dutch Mutual Defense Treaty.

The Netherlands guarantees neutrality and does not allow any third-party belligerents to enter the territory of the Netherlands, and does not allow any third-party belligerents to stop at the ports, colonies, and islands of the Netherlands.

France will guarantee the neutrality of the Netherlands and will defend the option of neutrality of the Netherlands.

The Netherlands surrendered all fortresses in the Austrian Netherlands, temporarily taken over by France.

The French army promised to return the Netherlands to the Netherlands after the war, and guaranteed the right to garrison the Netherlands in the southern fortress group in the future, and this will be used as one of the conditions for negotiations to end the War of Austrian Succession in the future. Teresa fights.

As the guarantor, Dashun will guarantee the credibility of France.If the Netherlands rebels before the end of the War of Austrian Succession, continues to garrison several fortress groups or threatens the rear of the French army, Dashun will refuse to negotiate with the Netherlands on Southeast Asia, and will firmly stand against the Netherlands French side.

The Netherlands will guarantee to subscribe for approximately 200 million taels of French treasury bonds within three months, with an annual interest rate of 5%.

During the period when the French army continued to march northward, the Netherlands, out of neutrality, would not conduct arms trade or food trade with France.

All the captured Dutch soldiers will be released, and the Netherlands will pay France 25 taels of ransom.

The Netherlands will immediately expel the British troops and warships stationed in the Netherlands, and will send a note to the British ambassador requesting that the British fleet not stop at the Dutch colonies or islands in Asia, Africa, and America during the continuation of the war.

Regarding the tariff issue between the Netherlands and France, the Netherlands will send representatives to Paris. The two sides will put aside their prejudices and hatreds and conduct an effective negotiation.

On the 11th, the peace treaty between France and the Netherlands was reached.

On the 12th, it was officially announced that the Anglo-Dutch Mutual Defense Treaty was abolished.

With the unilateral dissolution of the Anglo-Dutch Mutual Defense Treaty, the Anglo-Dutch alliance collapsed, and the first obstacle to the "friendship" between China and the Netherlands disappeared.

then.

On the 13th, the "Sino-Dutch Brussels Treaty" was directly signed at this place.

The Netherlands, as the defeated party, and Dashun as the victor, are robbing the colonies. Dashun is not prepared to make the Netherlands pay compensation for the sake of "China-Dutch friendship". What is the set of raising prices on the spot, paying back the money on the spot, and fighting with each other.

The basic process is that Dashun took out the drafted treaty, and the Dutch side looked at it and signed it if they thought it was okay.

The content of the formal agreement is actually quite simple:

The Netherlands recognized Dashun's recovery of Southeast Asia, and Dashun's occupation of Ceylon and Indian colonies.

Dashun officially ceased war with the Netherlands.

Between Dashun and the Netherlands, the "private plundering system" is abolished. The Netherlands shall not issue private plundering licenses targeting Dashun, and Dashun shall not issue private plundering licenses targeting the Netherlands.

Dashun will return Dutch soldiers captured in the Nanyang War, and it will be done on a voluntary basis.

The Netherlands recognized that the occupation of "Formosa" was an invasion, and changed the name of Formosa to Taiwan on all maps and any books published in the future.

The Netherlands compensated Dashun silver with a total of 31 taels of Kuping silver because of the Taiwan incident and the incident of plundering the people of Zhoushan as slaves.

The Netherlands will hand over to Dashun all the forts and trading posts in the Indian region that are not occupied by Dashun, and Dashun will compensate the Netherlands with 30 taels of Kuping silver.

The two are offset, and the remaining 1 taels of Pingyin will be used to cast two bronze statues with inscriptions of apology written on them, which will be erected in Taiwan and Zhoushan.The required copper materials will be provided by the Netherlands.

Dashun will support the neutrality of the Netherlands and ensure the realization of the neutral status of the Netherlands.

Anyone who declares war on the neutral Netherlands, Dashun will declare war or embargo it according to the situation.If the Netherlands voluntarily declares war, it will be deemed that the Netherlands has voluntarily renounced its status as a neutral country.

Dashun and the Republic of the Netherlands will send envoys to each other, and the Republic of the Netherlands will send official envoys to the capital to explain to His Majesty the Great Emperor that the East India Company is only a feudal town of the Netherlands, and to pay respect to the disrespect caused by the previous envoys sent by the feudal towns sorry.

The Government of the Netherlands will undertake to abolish the monopoly trading rights of the East India Company.The exclusive trading right to the east of the Cape of Good Hope is valid for this year and cannot be renewed in the future.

Dashun and the Netherlands will establish a close cooperative relationship.

For specific cooperation, see the attachment.

...On the attachments, there are some jokes.

The real secret agreement is the specific details of future cooperation between Dashun and the Netherlands.

(End of this chapter)