Xinshun 1730

Chapter 392 The most suitable Russian model

"Yes, I understand."

Liu Yu didn't say anything else, or it was useless to say anything else.

The emperor also knew something was wrong, and the money was really not much, or he was afraid that Liu Yu would feel unhappy, so he sighed a few words.

"Rewards to those who have made meritorious service should be like this. But in the eyes of the people in the court, what is the difference between my generous rewards to the Academy of Sciences and the former emperor's generous rewards and reuse of eunuchs? the difference?"

"Fortunately, the money was not too much, and the opposition from the government was not so strong. Besides, how can it be regarded as a meritorious service? It's like the Western culture you wrote, saying that the British and Newton said that universal gravitation is according to what you think. , if it belongs to our Heavenly Dynasty, will it be rewarded heavily?"

Liu Yu was silent and didn't speak. The emperor smiled and said, "Look, you know that this is not good. If Newton can be rewarded heavily, will those who explain the words of the sage also be rewarded with the same standard? Do those who explain the rule of the Three Dynasties want to be rewarded?" Is it better than the reward of Newton's gravity? If not, how will I deal with myself? Don't I value craftsmen and despise saints? Emphasize tools and despise righteousness."

The emperor also understood that Liu Yu's silence was just a slight expression of dissatisfaction and importance to the Academy of Sciences.

Liu Yu also knew that when the emperor said that he wanted to build an Academy of Sciences, he probably had the same idea as Louis XIV and Frederick, and he just regarded the Academy of Sciences as a royal embellishment.

It was just because of the silver brought by the new cannon and glass that the emperor paid a little attention.

It was obviously a technical problem, but it was interpreted by Liu Yu as a bunch of scientific formulas that the emperor didn't even understand.

In addition, when the Russian mission came to Beijing for the first time, the emperor used science to pretend to be a force, and found that the scriptures and arts of the East and the West were different, but mathematics was the same, and it was the only thing that could be pretended across cultural circles.

But it doesn't matter what you think about everything, as long as you do it, it's a good thing.

The emperor complained a lot, and talked to Liu Yu about the choice of the model of the Academy of Sciences.

Although he only mentioned a few words about the idea of ​​the Academy of Sciences back then, Liu Yu has always kept it in mind, pursuing this matter, and has a charter in his heart.

After these years of understanding, he has also clearly distinguished several models of the Western Academy of Sciences at this time.

The whole can be divided into three categories, English, French, and German.

Among them, the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg has inherited Leibniz's mantle, and at this time the Russian upper class is basically half of Germany, so the Russian Academy of Sciences can also be regarded as German orthodox.

There is a difference here.

The British system, in theory, pursues pure science and the universal truth of all things in the world. To understand the whole world, one must first describe the whole world.

The British Royal Society quickly turned into an aristocratic salon, and the contents of the academic journals are all kinds of strange things: stones in the dog's bladder, strange mushrooms, strange stele writings, types of coins in various eras, etc. After Newton was obsessed with theology, he almost There will be no serious results.

The legal system was funded by the Minister Corbet, and Louis XIV agreed, but he thought that art and science were all embellishments to the crown.Both art and science cost money, and without money, there is no way to embellish it, so invest money to support it.

The centralization system in France also made the Academy of Sciences rapidly become aristocratic in Versailles, and the interior was divided into different grades, just like the princes, sons, and five nobles, with different grades and different treatment.

Now that they have received the state's financial appropriation, the hosts after Kolbe will issue various tasks to the Academy of Sciences, including how to solve the problem of gambling in the palace?How to design a beautiful and gorgeous fountain?Occasionally, he will also take on some topics such as writing textbooks, storing fresh water for navigation, and wheat smut, and the DPRK and China will allocate funds.

In addition to these practical issues, the daily life of academicians of the Academy of Sciences is to discuss pure science, rationality, law, politics, etc. in the salon.

The German system, which is different from the British and French systems, originated from Leibniz.

Leibniz satirized the British and French academies, saying that they were "for the study of strange things, or to satisfy a simple curiosity..."

Leibniz's philosophy of the Academy of Sciences is that work and science should be integrated and oriented to use from the very beginning.

"The purpose is to unify practice and theory. Not only to improve art and science, but also to change the country and the people, agriculture and food production, handicrafts and manufacturing, and business..."

He believes that science exists for life.

While pursuing pure science, the Academy of Sciences should put more energy into the application work of public welfare. Science is not only pure theory, but should be embodied by technology.

Of course, he has utopian fantasies.

The Berlin, Dringston, Vienna, Petersburg, and Beijing axis that he planned to build at the beginning was to create a "republic of scholars who have no land entity, are interconnected and exchange knowledge."

From the beginning, he did not believe that the feudal princes would fully support science, so he prepared the economic foundation for the Academy of Sciences as much as possible, including selling calendars for the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, improving fire extinguishers, planting mulberry and silkworms, and so on.

Although his practice in Berlin failed, his ideas of the Academy of Sciences led to the birth of the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg. With his prestige and connections, the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg has captured a lot of king bombs since its establishment... Euler , Bernoulli Brothers, Goldbach, etc., are all in the first year of the establishment of the institute.

Adhering to Leibniz's ideas, the Russian Academy of Sciences has focused on practice from the very beginning: Sino-Russian border demarcation, map drawing, nautical exploration, cannon improvement, warship design, fort construction, fortress engineering...the Academy of Sciences is everywhere.

The backwardness of Russia also made Peter the Great's vision of the Academy of Sciences, which is to let an Academy of Sciences undertake the three responsibilities of "Academy of Sciences, Academy of Technology, and University".

The earliest batch of academicians were all foreigners, and they were responsible for the top research—because at that time, Russia was a scientific desert, and there were not enough academicians.

The disciples brought by these academicians from Europe, together with the top talents in Russia, are called college students, who serve and assist the academicians in their work.These college assistants also serve as teachers, educating third-level preparatory students.

The preparatory students are all Russians, who need to pass the exam to enter the Academy of Sciences and receive education from the assistants of the top academicians.

Foreign academicians.

Foreign and domestic academician assistants.

Home country matriculation students.

This model enabled Russia to cultivate its first Russian academician and establish Moscow University in just 20 years from a scientific desert.

The British system, the French system, and the German system in Russia are the most suitable for Dashun, which is the fusion model of the orthodox German system and the legal system.

Adjust measures to local conditions.

The Russian set of three-level model is very good and can be quickly prototyped.

The French model of receiving money to set up projects is also very good, and can concentrate efforts to make breakthroughs.

However, the Russian Academy of Sciences, as the model of the Imperial College, can directly get involved in the government and become a reserve of officials. This cannot be learned from Dashun, and it is impossible for the talents of the Academy of Sciences to become a reserve of officials. A large number of Jinshi and Juren, Dashun is not a barbaric culture The desert has its own imperial examination system.

But the group of people in France who hold salons talk about the spirit of the law today and the constitutional monarchy the next.

Therefore, it is best to use this model of Russian-French integration, retaining the Russian-style three-tier system and retaining the French money collection project.

Use weapons, food, trade, gold and silver, water control, etc. that the emperor is interested in, to continuously increase the importance of the Academy of Sciences in the emperor's heart, and pretend that technology is inseparable from science.Although this era is separate.

He talked to the emperor about the Dashun-style Academy of Sciences model he had conceived, and picked out a few directions that the emperor cared about and proposed divisions. The emperor nodded with joy.

"Of course, yes. The measurement of latitude and longitude is a major event; the flood control of the Huanghuai River is also a major event; guns and firearms are even more major events. These few things that Ai Qing thinks about are the top priorities of the Academy of Sciences. "

"I knew it, you already have a charter."

"However, in some matters, if I want to be impartial, even if I am biased, I should still be partial to Mingjiao. Just like the Qintianjian solar eclipse incident, in some matters, the Academy of Sciences has to show its ability so that I can use it well."

"However, once it is used, blood must be shed. Back then, Qin Tianjian was gambling with his head in the battle between East and West. I don't really want to have such a conflict again. It is best for the Academy of Sciences not to cause trouble for such conflicts."

In addition to being happy, the emperor still warned Liu Yu.

Of course, the emperor hoped to have one more choice. In some bureaucratic positions, he hoped to introduce a new force.

For example, gun manufacturing, farmland planting and other things, the Academy of Sciences must be good at it, and there is no conflict with the scholar-bureaucrats.Qin Tianjian has already been grasped by Westerners. Now that after the ban on religion, this group of missionaries died of old age and no new ones came, the natives of the Academy of Sciences can take over logically.

However, all things that can cause conflicts and gamble for life are things that can affect the whole body.

The emperor hoped that the Academy of Sciences would be a craftsman's association that could solve problems, but it would be best not to mention it even if it was possible to express opinions on some sensitive issues.

This is kindness, and the emperor himself knew it well.

People in the Academy of Sciences must either invite Westerners, or some people taught by Liu Yu. These people play court politics and must be played to death. The best way is not to intervene.

It is not only a warning to the Academy of Sciences, but also a warning to Liu Yu.

After returning to the capital from Weihai, there must be many people staring at Liu Yu's every move. The emperor wanted to continue using Liu Yu, so he had to tell Liu Yu in advance, not to say everything like before.

"The last time the Jiangsu Jiedu envoy changed water transportation to sea transportation, you did a good job. When you need to do it, I will use you; but you don't want to get involved in the choice of whether to do it or not. You You have been training troops outside for a long time, and you don't know the affairs of the court, and your temperament is easy to be used as a spearman without knowing it."

"I think you should stop for a while during this period. Take advantage of the newlyweds and rest. Talk less in the early morning, and go to the Privy Council to handle the secrets of the war against Japan after the court is over."

"Look more, learn more, listen more. There is no limit to the sea of ​​learning, and above the court, it is enough for you to learn for a while."

After talking for a while, he said in his heart: "Don't worry, as long as you don't take the initiative to find trouble, even though you won't be in charge of the navy when you come back from Weihai, as long as you still participate in the conquest of Japanese military planes, no one in the court will think you have fallen out of favor." Adding insult to injury. But you have to keep your mouth shut, Chaoli is no better than Weihai."

After a few more instructions, he waved his hand and said, "You step back."

(End of this chapter)