Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1505 Final Chapter Ninety Three Years (Twenty Three)

This "prophet" is definitely dead at this time.

And this "prophet", who was a minister all his life, said some key words that obviously surpassed the category of "subject" before he left the Chisongzi without asking about world affairs, and left something in writing.

Moreover, the last owner of the writings left behind by this "prophet" before leaving the world is the emperor at this time.

At this time, the emperor was old and battered.

Of course, Dashun may not be very familiar with the "prophet" thing.

Well, put it another way.

Before Wang Mang's restructuring, a series of things such as "Zhou Guan" suddenly appeared, "written by sages, but were burned by the burning of books and Confucianism, but fortunately there was a set in the cracks in the wall that made them appear in the world", what is the difference?
Wang Mang said that this is the system of sages and kings.Zhou Gong can still jump out of the grave and deny Sanlian: I don't, I'm not, don't talk nonsense.

Wang Anshi said, isn't Confucianism the only political correctness?Okay, I use "Zhou Li" to reform the system, what can you do if you object?You, Su Ziyou, can only write articles, first prove that "Zhou Li" is a fake book and cannot be trusted, and then you can refute me theoretically.Otherwise, theoretically I'm right.

only.

Human life is too short, the past history is too long, and archeology is underdeveloped—at least on the side where death is like life, you must not dig someone's ancestral grave or dig someone's tomb.

Therefore, in the past, it was possible and only possible to reform the system on the basis of ancient times.

Including, in Europe, Protestants, Puritans... In fact, the word fundamentalism was originally used to describe them.Theoretically speaking, Dashun can at least have a chat with the Catholic Church, but with the Protestant Puritan group of original sects, it is really possible that they have no chat at all... So in fact, they can be regarded as reformed from ancient times.

By the time of the Enlightenment, the restructuring of Togu had practically failed in Europe.Because... Togu, I can only rely on the Bible.In the Age of Enlightenment, the Bible itself was almost out of reach.

Therefore, we can only choose "the utopia that exists in reality", "restructuring the east", "borrowing from the outside to satirize the inside", and "constructing a reality that ordinary people can't see or touch, and once they see it or touch it with their own eyes Broken Utopia" set.

But obviously, this set of things is impossible to use in Dashun, and it can't be used at all.

Because Dashun just won the First World War not long ago and completed the voyage around the world, the size of the earth has been determined, and none of the existing countries is qualified to be a Utopia—it was all in 1750, and the fallow was added. Planting 1 harvest 6.3 is actually equal to the average annual French agricultural allocation of one seed in spring and three grains of wheat in autumn?Or can't afford the British industrial ideals that can only be supported by an administrative order prohibiting the wearing of cotton cloth with India?Or is it the old-fashioned ideal of the group of Puritans who went to North America, "land to the tiller, enlightenment by tangible saints, love and blind date"?

Since there is no ideal country outside.

Dashun’s own old-fashioned style is actually shaky—the bullshit from the inside out is not correct on Dashun’s side; the key from the outside to the inside, those systems, regulations, etc., are a bunch of textual research Most of the book certificates are fucking fake.

Moreover, the more realistic problem is that the population of Dashun is soaring, and the revival faction cannot solve a problem: that is, even if according to what you said, the king’s government is restored, the well fields are restored, and the per capita land is 3 mu, even if the [-]th tax is exempted, you Guaranteed to be full?

The ancients said that a family of five has a field of 20 mu, and the average person has 500 mu of land.Your well field can be retro, but how can your [-] mu of land per capita be retro?As long as it is retro, can it be changed?Or as long as it is restored, the yield per mu will immediately increase by [-]%?

Therefore, there are only Liu Yu's set of ideas and fantasies about the future, or not so empty fantasies that can be understood under the current language and material conditions.

Lao Ma said: [Distribution itself is a product of production].

And this set of things, speaking out at this time, is too difficult to understand.In fact, in later generations, the literacy rate has generally increased, and this thing that is understood in a literal sense has nothing to do with the meaning of production relations that Lao Ma talked about.The focus of what Lao Ma said was never pure production, but production relations and distribution.

Liu Yu said half and half, which solved a problem that Dashun must not bypass—he distorted [distribution itself is a product of production] into "food is to fill the stomach, and people use food instead of Love food, so industry and commerce are just a distribution of food."

In a sense, he solved the "why and what" problem that has been stuck in Dashun theoretically.

Although the distorted production is not even for the production of such a level.

But at this time, distorting it like this is actually conducive to spreading.

Food is to fill the stomach. People use food instead of love food, so industry and commerce are just a distribution of food. This sentence can be regarded as the "theoretical basis" for the development of industry and commerce in Dashun, and it can also be regarded as a similar kind of food in Dashun. "Physiocratic" stuff.

This sentence itself has two meanings.

First: When talking about distribution, we must first produce.

Second: enough production, industry and commerce, as a means of food distribution, can accommodate enough people.

This is the basis for Liu Yu to advocate the development of industry and commerce in Dashun.

Going to ancient times, facing the emperor who didn’t have enough basic food, he didn’t come up with a basic self-consistent logic, but he would vigorously promote the germination and promote business... Most likely he would confront the emperor who was facing continuous peasant uprisings Looking at the chiming clock, he felt that this thing was the result of a strange skill.

Lao Ma made it very clear that commercial capital may not necessarily change productivity.It is more likely that it is parasitic under the existing level of productivity, such as the system of outsourcing and robbery.

And the emphasis on agriculture over business here is not because the ancients were fools, but simply because it has long been discovered that commercial capital exhibits a strong parasitic nature when it exists as an independent capital.

Li Kui's original words clearly said that engaging in luxury goods would affect the linen textile industry, and encouraging luxury goods would cause accidents, and he was labeled as emphasizing agriculture and despising business.Thomas Moe, who is no stranger to saying that government should adopt policies to curb domestic luxury and waste, has been called by The Wealth of Nations "to be the fundamental rule of political economy of all other commercial nations."

Sang Hongyang’s obvious mercantile tendencies were labeled as emphasizing agriculture and despising business—what is mercantilism?As described by Adam Smith, the herdsmen along the coast of Britain sold wool privately, and if they caught it, they cut off their hands and hung it on a tree again. That is called mercantilism; The goods and the British government are divided in half, which is called mercantilism.

The past dynasties here have made mercantilism relatively close, and it can be regarded as the Song Dynasty, which collected taxes and monopolized all shit.

All shit is dedicated to control, that's called mercantilism.

Industry and commerce do not collect taxes, and domestic free trade is practiced, which is called Physiocratism.

At this point, the development of productive forces is no longer the same as that of the Song Dynasty.

The productive forces are more developed, and the mercantilism of the Song Dynasty is no longer possible.This is not a simple problem of organizational skills, or a problem of retrogression in political construction, but that after the development of productive forces reached the stage of the mid-Ming Dynasty, mercantilism was completely out of reach in China.

The Physiocrats said that "Take China as a teacher", but they are not purely imagining an utopia.But it actually happened.

Therefore, under such conditions, the problem of Dashun is not to argue about mercantilism or emphasizing agriculture over commerce, and it is not impossible to argue. The French physiocrat school is essentially mercantile—the land produces value No, industrial and commercial slings are not, they just change the shape of the things produced by the land, which are worthless, so don't worry about them at all.They are already "worthless". Isn't this called light business?
This kind of rhetoric over substance debate is meaningless in Dashun.

What is really meaningful is how to change the problem of "commercial capital always thinking about parasitizing on the old system".Lead commercial capital to lose its independence and become a part of the "capital" factor of production in capitalist society - a dark horse is a horse, not a white horse is a white horse, and a dark horse is a dark horse.

And the final solution to the solution, in other words, is the problem of "average rate of profit on capital".

Then, from this point of view, the internal problem of Dashun can also be deduced—Juntian.

How to solve the problem of excessively high profits of buying land, hoarding land and collecting rent?

Liu Yu doesn't have this ability. The final solution is that the industry is extremely developed, and the farming is not subsidized, and the underpants will be lost at all. That is a temporary solution.

Obviously, Liu Yu must not have this ability.Moreover, in 1860, when the United Kingdom dominated the Seven Seas with the power of the first industrial revolution, so that workers were aristocratic, how many worker aristocrats were raised by the markets all over the world to squeeze India to the extreme?Don't talk about the country's nearly two-fifths of the world's population, but is it enough for the population of Shandong Province in Dashun?
Since you don't have this ability, can you change your mind?
It cannot solve the problem of commercial capital running to cultivated land, or the average profit rate of industrial capital is not as good as buying land and collecting rent.

Then, after equalizing the land, it is okay to implement the Tian Dynasty’s land mu system and prohibit the sale of land?
Indeed, the rate of return for merging land is high, so is it okay to directly issue an administrative order to prohibit mergers?

Since it is said that the United Kingdom can rely on the cotton ban, the Irish Wool Act, the Commodity Listing Act, and the Navigation Act to develop its own cotton textile industry and make it a pillar of the industrial revolution.

Then, Dashun relies on the acreage system to prevent capital from going up to cultivated land, and let commercial capital go up to industry. Finally, through industrial development, commercial capital, which exists alone, will be eliminated, and black horses will become horses. In the future, white horses, black horses, yellow horses Horse, whoever rides faster, thus forcing out a set of industrial power that makes the rest of the world desperate, okay?
In essence, Liu Yu's thoughts on the future of industry and commerce have always been centered around this goal.

However, in order to achieve the goal, taking the seemingly shortest straight line is precisely the most difficult under the existing conditions.

That's why he went around in circles, deliberately misinterpreting the relationship between production and distribution described in what Lao Ma said [distribution itself is the product of production].

Distorted into "food is to fill the stomach, people use food rather than love food, so industry and commerce are just a distribution of food."

Starting from the emperor's most worrying problem of rebellion and the instability of the country, starting from the fact that "people who can't eat may rebel" is basically not said in economics, and food and industrial and commercial development are tied together to confuse the public.

Did Liu Yu improve Dashun's agricultural productivity in the subsequent reforms?
In fact, if the factor of flooding in the Yellow River and Huaihe River is eliminated, there is basically no improvement.

Then why is there no need for relief in the northern Jiangsu area, which is almost once a year?

Because of Dashun’s shipbuilding and military reforms, the rice that can be used as a commodity in North Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asia can all be counted as Dashun’s rice.

So with the support of warships and bayonets, Liu Yu seemed to show many people in Dashun that what he said was right—the industry and commerce can really eat their fill.

The essence of this sentence is that external expansion and colonization can indeed solve the food problem.

However, industrial and commercial cover and obfuscation are used.

Why did he insist on building ships, military reforms, and expansion first?Rather than within Dashun, they would argue and deny "emphasizing agriculture over business" and "emphasizing the basics and chasing the end"?
Because he went to elementary school, after all, according to the food and clothing line set by the United Nations of 560 catties of grain per capita, Dashun's current population, arable land, yield per mu, and technical level will definitely slap him in the face.

And he also knew that in the 18th century, the productivity levels of East Asia and Western Europe were by no means that the productivity of East Asia was backward, and if the countries were not closed off, they would be washed away by Europe with developed productivity.This is purely seeking the sword, taking the sword of the early 20th century and rowing the boat of the 18th century.

The real problem is that European commercial capital is extremely reactionary and wants to eat alone.The handicraft industry in Europe hinders progress and has to issue various restrictions.

Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the problem in order to solve the problem.If you analyze the questions wrongly, you will probably come up with a wrong answer.

Now that the way of analyzing the problem is correct, how can we smash the reactionary commercial capital in Europe?How can we abolish the British executive decree and commodity listing law review that hinder free trade?

shipbuilding.

Building ships, sailing to Nanyang, attacking Japan, and fighting a war were all done in one go, which in turn verified Liu Yu's "prophecy" in Dashun—industry is the future.

Although, this is equivalent to using the dark horse to beat the scalper to prove that the black is faster than the yellow one. For example, more than 40 years ago, the production level of cotton cloth in Dashun did not have a significant increase, but it significantly improved the production level of the Songsu area. standard of living.Liu Yu used this to talk about the great significance of industry and commerce, but thinking about it carefully, the first improvement in the living standards of Songsu textile practitioners seems to have little to do with industry and commerce, but it is purely Dashun’s shipbuilding that went to Nanyang and smashed the Netherlands , snatched the Nanyang cotton cloth market developed by the Netherlands, thereby destroying the cotton textile industry in Surat, and snatching the bulk pricing power of Nanyang rice by the way...

However, Liu Yufei said that the black horse outperformed the scalper because the black horse was faster than the yellow one, at least that's how he explained it.Therefore, this also convinced many people in Dashun that there is still a way to develop industry and commerce in the future. It is not unreasonable for Liu Yu to say that industry and commerce is a means of distributing food, and it seems to make sense.

That being the case, it seems that in the future, we can really move forward in accordance with the idea of ​​accommodating hundreds of millions of people in industry and commerce.Instead of being trapped in the despair of "what if industry and commerce can't accommodate so many non-agricultural populations" that Li Gangzhu and his generation have been unable to get around.

(End of this chapter)