Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1457 The Final Farce ([-])

Of course, in the feudal dynasty, some questions cannot be asked too bluntly.

It is impossible to say that Liu Yu went to Li Yan and said that I have decided, and you will be the unconscious tool for the progress of history. get rid of.

Then Li Yan said that I have never had such ambitions, and I have never dared to aspire to the most important geometric artifact.It's just that I have always taken it as my duty to benefit the people of the world. If you realists and bourgeois think that I have to sit in that chair to help the people and benefit the country, then I will...

Therefore, Liu Yu asked a question that sounded nothing to do with ambition, and even sounded purely "academic".

free trade.

views on free trade.

Liu Yu has no prejudice against free trade.

Including, starting from Colbert, Louis Bonaparte, Franz Liszt and others have no prejudice against free trade.

It's just that the characteristics of these people are "tariff protection for poverty, free trade for talent".Regardless of whether it is Nasan or Lister, the attitude towards tariffs is to protect the fragile industries of the country, and then free trade after the level has improved.

Rather than opposing free trade in theory.

Basically, their attitude is the same as Hume’s attitude towards trade with China before: if free trade is really practiced, if the cost of thousands of miles of sea and sailing shipping is not blocked as a natural tariff, then the whole of Europe will use Chinese goods, Until China's per capita silver deposits are the same as those in Europe.So what are we to do in Europe in the meantime?

However, the words "free trade" have special meanings in Dashun.

At this time, how many large cities with more than 10 people are there in the world?
At this time, how many large cities with over [-] people in the world, mainly industrial and commercial, are in Dashun?

How many people are there in Manchester at this time?How many people are there in London?And how many people are there in Dhaka, Mumbai, Guangdong, Jingdezhen, Suzhou, etc.?Even in Huai'an, where the later generations are unknown, how many people and how many were engaged in industry and commerce before the abolition of the Cao Cao?
It was the United Kingdom and France, which successively issued the "Cotton Cloth Prohibition Order" in 1700 and 1721.It was Defoe who wrote a small essay saying that oriental cotton cloth caused widespread unemployment among the people, and it was the French joiners' association who forced the Minister of Exchequer to write to Asian companies telling them not to import lacquerware or it would lead to riots.

Instead of Dashun, what kind of "Foreign Cloth Prohibition Order" was promulgated-the same sentence, saying that the country is closed to the outside world, woolen wool can't be sold in, and your textile industry is making India miserable. You have to use high tariffs for administrative control and " Inciting the people to beat, smash and burn oriental goods", but issued the "Cotton Cloth Prohibition Order" by administrative order, so why is it not called closed-door policy?
For each piece of British woolen cloth, there is no customs duty, and taxes are levied from farmers to subsidize each imported woolen fabric with 20 yuan, and land tax subsidizes each British merchant ship with a voyage subsidy of 1500 taels of silver. Colonized India directly increased the sales tax of 33% to free up the market for British woolen fabrics. Isn't it called a closed country?
All are East Asian.

The closed-door policy of China and Japan is not the same logic.

Don't beg for the sword, and don't just look at the phenomenon but not the essence.Humans have two legs, and chickens also have two legs, so because they both have two legs, humans and chickens are the same thing?
Get rid of the religious issues that even the sons and daughters of God like France, Spain, and Portugal can't stand the Jesuits and force the Pope to disband the Jesuits.

What is the reason why Japan's Arai Shiraishi strengthened the lock-up?
It is Arai Shiraishi who believes that "gold and silver are like bones, and commodities are like hair. Hair can be regenerated, but bones cannot be restored."It was because of Arai Shiraishi's time, Japan's crazy outflow of silver, gold and copper every year, which flowed to Japan for more than ten consecutive years, and was recast twice.

Japan, which has mountains of gold and silver, unexpectedly experienced a silver crunch. The silver circulating in the society decreased rapidly, and big businessmen tightened their silver hoards. Because of the sharp deficit, major problems occurred in the currency.

It was because he discovered that the merchants on the Chinese side had obtained the pricing power of copper.So he tightened the export policy and used administrative means to let Japan regain the pricing power of copper.From the original Japanese merchants who took the initiative to lower prices and asked Chinese merchants to buy their own copper; to the Chinese merchants who took the initiative to increase prices and bribed them, begging to buy Japanese copper.

The decline of Imari-yaki in Japan has something to do with seclusion?In the chaos at the end of Ming Dynasty, China’s export of porcelain was greatly affected due to the chaos caused by the war.Waiting for the war to end, the Europeans are sick in their brains. Instead of going to Jingdezhen to buy custom-made porcelain, why not go to Japan to buy porcelain?
And here?

Don't talk about Dashun, and don't talk about Daming.Just say that no one looks down on the Manchu Qing. Before the large-scale smuggling of opium in 1830, did the Manchu Qing have the words "trade deficit" and "silver outflow"? In 1600, the silk factory with 14000 people in Spain and Mexico used raw silk? In 1700, Defoe never forgot about clay pots and porcelain in his novels. Where did he get stimulated?

Now after the reform, Dashun, according to Ma’s theory of “how did capitalism come about”, has expanded its military, built ships, strengthened centralization, collected taxes, monopolized franchises, won the first World War, and won commercial hegemony—— The problem in China before 1800 was that it lacked the ability and skills to learn from British mercantilism and centralization in 1800.

There is a lack of a Lord Protector who can rely on bloody means and impose a heavy tax of 20% on merchant ships to create a powerful navy.What's more, there is a lack of a national power that can levy 83% tea tax, 225% cotton cloth tax, tax according to the size of the window, and whoever dares to smuggle is not allowed to smuggle directly.

Talking about free trade, the United Kingdom issued a cotton cloth order, the French sugar tax law was introduced, all tea must be wholesaled at the London Tea Exchange, and the policy of wool 15 miles along the coast dares to be exported privately and directly chopped, craftsmen must register Artisan membership is not allowed Leaving the UK, what kind of free trade is it?

The United Kingdom can issue the "Shroud Act", instead of shrouding the body in its own woolen cloth, it dares to use foreign cloth as a "shroud" and dig it out of the grave directly.Be it Daming or Dashun, who would dare to introduce such a policy?Who can introduce such a policy without chaos in the world?
You ask Daming or Dashun to introduce a similar policy to dig up graves for inspection, and see if ordinary people can go to Fengyang or Mizhi to scrape up the emperor's ancestral graves?

Don't talk about Dashun, it's Daming, dare to introduce a similar grave-picking policy?The so-called clothing grades in the later period could not be controlled, and silk with dragon and phoenix patterns was everywhere, so what "Leviathan" was worthy of it?
A country that has clearly issued the "Cotton Cloth Prohibition Order"; accuses a country that has an annual trade surplus and never a trade deficit, and closed the country.

A country with a central bank that directly prohibits the payment of gold by direct orders; accuses a country that does not even have the right to issue banknotes, and directly gives the right to issue banknotes and seigniorage to silver merchants on the southeast coast, financial freedom is not.

A country that sells monopoly rights once a year and reviews them once a year; accuses a country of giving the production and sales rights of salt, the lifeblood of the country, to businessmen since the 45th year of Wanli, and the production and sales rights of salt can be Hereditary state, state control.

The really sad thing is that Lao Ma spends half of the space talking about "how capitalism came about".

Talk about national power, talk about commercial hegemony, talk about naval warfare, talk about tariff protection, talk about heavy tax policy, talk about the era of handicraft industry, you must have military hegemony before you can get commercial hegemony, and then you can get opportunities for industrial development, talk about technology without generational differences The importance of military hegemony, naval hegemony, and the importance of naval hegemony. When there is no generational difference in technology, without naval hegemony and military hegemony, there will be no commercial hegemony, and there will be no opportunity for industry to start.

It is impossible for a small-scale peasant economy that talks about private ownership of small land to stand with the bourgeoisie.

Talk about the difference between the peasants in the era of enfeoffment aristocracy and the small peasants in the small land ownership system, and talk about the difference between taking a small peasant and taking three small peasants.

It is said that small farmers may join forces with the bourgeoisie to overthrow the feudal aristocracy for a short period of time in order to equalize the land and have land for the tiller, but once they have all this, they will inevitably break with the bourgeoisie. Prefer a strengthened government that summons the undead sages.

Speaking of a peasant country with a small-scale peasant economy without the feudal aristocratic manor system, there is no possibility for the bourgeoisie to seize power, and it cannot be held if it is seized.In the end, either the infinitely strengthened imperial government will be taken out, or the chorus of workers and peasants will inherit all the productive forces but change the production relations.

However, when these really useful things were uploaded in history, it was already too late.

And Liu Yu, relying on the counter-practice method of "learning half and talking half", expanded the army, prepared for war, and built ships, and took advantage of the opportunities of the War of Polish Succession, the War of Austrian Succession, the Second Silesian War and the Anglo-French Indian War. Dashun gained commercial and military hegemony.

Relying on Dashun's silver "exchange rate" and the extremely strong handicraft industry that "small farmers have to develop sidelines due to the silver currency tax", they have obtained everything needed for "how capitalism came about".

So, at this time, for Yu Dashun.

Is free trade good?
it is good.

However, if there were no French allies and no European conflicts, Dashun would not have 120 battleships, 400 various auxiliary ships and secondary ships, which would allow the British government, which was able to suppress 100 battleships during the Seven Years War, to cancel the "1700 , 1721 Cotton Cloth Prohibition Order?

China was in 1800, and there was no middle option.

Or, madly build 100 battleships and 400 auxiliary ships, go to Europe, and switch trade.

Or, port trade, what to buy in Europe, what to sell yourself.

Because... India's cotton textile industry is not much worse than China's, and it can still crush Europe.

The East India Company can go to India to buy cloth and sell it back to Europe, concentrating wealth and capital in the hands of a few people.India is profitable for European capital—buying foreign goods and selling them to locals is also profitable.

As far as China is concerned, costs and benefits are actually not proportional.Because, on China's side, there is no profitable intermediate process of "buying Indian cloth and selling it to locals".

In other words, either, at the beginning of the founding of the country, when it was pioneering, it went to Nanyang to strengthen Aurangzeb's Mughal Empire.

Or, you can only wait for the European compradors to gain a foothold in India a little bit because of their profits.

However, at the beginning of the founding of the country, even if it went to Nanyang, even if a genius emperor came out, what were the odds of winning against the Mughals of Aurangzeb?How much do you invest?How many years can I get my money back?

Britain's firm foothold in India is a victory for the "compradors".But in essence, it is also a victory for Britain's backward productivity.

As far as the level of Manchester's cotton textile industry is concerned, let alone catch up with Songsu, it can catch up with Northwest Shandong. The East India Company's trade in buying Indian cotton cloth has to make all shareholders of the East India Company pay for their underpants.

Relying on the hard work of the people, the accumulation of handicrafts in 2000, the "unconscious economic policy" that forced small farmers to develop sidelines under the silver currency tax under the small peasant economy, and the farthest link in the transmission of the price revolution, Dashun used the navy to obtain commercial hegemony , That is to say, it has obtained the industrial hegemony of the handicraft era.

However, does this mean that Dashun likes free trade very much?Or, to regard free trade as politically correct?
Obviously, this is not true.

For what was the task of the bourgeoisie in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
It is to shape a world market.

However, with simple "set" mathematics, we can know that the "domestic market" is included in the "world market".

If a "domestic market" with one-third of the world's population is not included in this "world market", then this "world market" is meaningless and untenable.

So, for Dashun, what is the problem of "domestic market"?
What does free trade mean to Dashun?
Just take Hubei, where the prince has struggled before, as an example.

Relying on Sichuan salt entering Chu and Chubu entering Sichuan, and relying on the geographical difference that Sichuan is not suitable for growing cotton and Jianghan Plain is suitable for growing cotton, the cotton textile industry in Hubei has developed in recent years.

However, even if it develops, can it compete with Songsu?

On food.

Historically, since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Hubei has been unable to self-sufficient in food.

And Songsu, relying on Liu Yu's imperialist means, obtained Nanyang rice and Northeast sorghum. The low price of grain hurt farmers until farmers began to abandon rice on a large scale, but they could still use sea transportation to keep rice prices low.

How does Hubei compare?
On cotton.

Historically, how long has it been since the improvement of cotton seeds in the Jianghan Plain?Until the Beiyang era, officials felt helplessly: "If you want to improve cotton seeds, you can only rely on land expropriation after a catastrophe."

In the Songsu area, there are Java cotton and Indian cotton in the outside, and in the north there is the Lianghuai Caodang enclosure after Liu Yu massacred and suppressed the uprising of [-] salt workers and salt households before and after the salt reform and water transport reform.

How does Hubei compare?
On market size.

Historically, the cotton textile industry in the Jianghan Plain relied on the provincial market and the Sichuan market, and no amount of production could be squeezed out.

In the Songsu area, the trial planting of cotton in southern Liaoning was directly swept away by Liu Yu, completely abolishing the possibility of Liao's own cotton cultivation; the First World War in Nanyang directly took over the Dutch East India Company relying on Surat, India. The Nanyang cotton cloth market was shaped by the cotton textile industry; after the First World War, the cotton cloth of Dashun became the "cloth of sorrow" in West Africa and the blue tears of the slave trade in West Africa.

Just like in Nasan’s "The Problem of Beet Pimples", he used French native sugar beets and French colonial sugar cane as an example-this can almost be regarded as a replica of the Dashun Songsu cotton textile industry and the Hubei cotton textile industry.

[If believers in free trade dare to implement their harmful theories in France, at least 200 million French workers will lose their jobs...]

The theory of taking three is definitely problematic.

But the reality is that the silent majority, the two million unemployed victims of free trade, elected him emperor.

Just like the five-port trade in history, after the trade center was transferred from Guangdong and Guangxi to Shanghai, Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing, and Xue Chaogui were elected by the boatmen of Xijiang Shipping, Wuling porters, and Guangdong and Guangdong handicraftsmen.It also made Guangdong, which was replaced by Shanghai, Ningbo and Fuzhou, the source of continuous uprisings in the future.

Therefore, the issue of free trade is a must-discuss issue in Dashun.

Right and wrong, it is a line dispute, and it is a test of skills-either, solve them; or appease or ease them.

Even, even for possible careerists, if they do not understand this problem, they will not be able to achieve anything - the domestic market is a subset of the world market.However, free trade in foreign markets does not mean that the world's free trade pattern has been formed. World trade in which one-third of the world's population does not participate is not worthy of being called "world" trade.

The size of Dashun is so large that the total value of industrial and agricultural production at this time is almost equal to the sum of the rest.

The population of Dashun is so large that the population at this time is one-third of the world's population.

Then, Dashun's idea of ​​developing industry and commerce at this time—referring to the development outside the first-developed areas—can and can only be to create "provincial centers" one after another, eating the surrounding areas and the province.

And this is exactly the opposite of free trade.

In theory.

The real "free" trade is the Songsu area, relying on raw materials such as cotton from the colonies, food from the Northeast and Southeast Asia, shipping costs, population, and the right to issue gold and silver notes. 500 million people are enough to complete industrialization in the age of steam engines. Thousands of industrial aristocrats have caused 500 million small farmers to go bankrupt, the countryside has completely declined, the rural handicraft industry has completely collapsed, and the land has been annexed rapidly.

Follow the story of Daying in India.

At the extreme point, the situation of rural gentrification, bankruptcy of small landlords, handicraft landlords and rich peasants who believe in the Communist Party, and sons of big landlords and big capitalists burning their own land deeds in order to "pluck out all their own hairs and order out giants; go through fire and water to benefit the world" .

Again.

Imperialist dumping, double problem.

The small peasants went bankrupt and the small peasant economy collapsed.

The bourgeoisie in the country cannot develop.

These are two problems.

A problem of two classes.

The problem is that the small peasants went bankrupt and the small peasant economy disintegrated, but the national capital did not develop and was killed by imperialism and compradors.

As for Dashun, now he is the "emperor", and no one can sell Dashun.

Then, this double problem becomes one problem.

The small peasants went bankrupt and the small peasant economy collapsed.

Lao Ma said: [Bourgeois society lacks heroism.He was born by summoning ancient heroic spirits and utilizing the courage of peasants and petty bourgeois]

[Bourgeois society is so engrossed in the creation of wealth and peaceful competition that it has forgotten that the specter of ancient Rome has lightly guarded its cradle...its birth required heroism, self-sacrifice, terror, civil war and national struggle]

The reality of the small peasant economy and handicraft industry of the special envoy of Dashun made the birth of the bourgeoisie in Dashun rely on uprisings, resistances, escapes, and battles over and over again for thousands of years.Finally, the ownership of small estates, the basic freedom of commerce, and the basic uncontrolled development of industries were determined.

In the process, these bourgeois, there are no heroes, self-sacrifice, terror, and fighting.

Since the end of the Qin Dynasty, the ownership of small estates and the small-scale peasant economy, which have been won for thousands of years, were dominated by the citizens of Paris in France, but they were originally dominated by peasant wars for thousands of years here.

As for the bourgeoisie, not only do they lack heroism, but they also lack the spirit of self-sacrifice.

Even, they didn't even hold the summoning cards of the ancient heroic spirits in their hands-the only thing the bourgeoisie can persuade the peasants to do with them is to win a small-scale peasant economy for the peasants, just like the group of people in France and Cromway in the UK The purpose of Erye peasant iron cavalry is to overthrow the noble manor economy and the aristocratic family.

But the problem is that the mission of overthrowing noble manors and aristocratic families was rejected by Shang Yang, by Liu Che, by Zhang Jiao, by Cai Lun's papermaking, by engraving and printing, by the imperial examination system, by Huang Chao's Tianjie, and by Li Zicheng's All the feudal kings were killed, and all was done.

Small farmers have acquired small landholdings.

And the small farmers who have obtained the small land ownership system are anti-capitalist.

Therefore, the bourgeoisie can't even take small farmers away, and the bourgeoisie can't get any of the hero cards that can be summoned.

There are no ancient heroic spirits to guard their cradle, just as there is no "resurrection" of Butulus, Gracchus, and Caesar in France, so why should they seize power?And why use Paris to conquer the whole of France?

The peasants follow not the bourgeoisie, but the "resurrected" Gracchus, the "resurrected" Caesar.

However, in 93, the heroic spirits were stuck in the hands of the bourgeoisie, and they summoned the resurrection of the ancient undead to fight against their enemies, and then they strangled Gracchus and Caesar, and invited Say, Cousin, Cole Lal, Benzaman and Guizot.

The experience of Germany and France has left traces in history—some workers and most peasants would rather follow the emperor than follow the bourgeoisie.

Only after the road of following the emperor fails, they will think about "raising their own children".

(End of this chapter)