Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1444 The crooked has become

Saint-Simonism has obvious characteristics of elitism in politics.But in general, it is in line with the utopia of the industrial age-in Saint-Simon's elitist conception, the real "scholars" are those who understand science, do business, and include industrial capitalists. Is the rightful ruler and ruler of the country.

Even if it is a fantasy.

But it is also a utopia based on the "industrial age", not an utopia based on the agricultural age.

This kind of fantasy broke the original assumption of distribution, and for the first time put forward the idea of ​​"distribution by talent".Here, industrial capitalists are also regarded as a kind of "talent".

How should I put it, in this era, at the very least, they have "talent" compared to feudal nobles, gentry, kings, emperors, and usurers.

And those who have mastered scientific knowledge, technology, or highly educated people are even more "talented", and they should be the group of people who get the most in the distribution system.

This is obviously in line with the interests of the Dashunshi School of people.

And Saint-Simonism, after the French Revolution, is a veritable "Xin Xue".

After the legal reform, what is the situation, or what kind of economic foundation is it?
First, the Jacobin land reform, the distribution of land, the rapid increase in the number of farmers, the small peasant economy and the petty bourgeois economy became the pillar force of France.Even in the period of the July Dynasty, farmers still "contributed" 5.6 million francs in agricultural taxes, which is a veritable primary industry in France.

In the year when Nahuang was exiled to the island of Elba, there were only 15 factories using simple machines in the whole of France.

The silk weaving industry, the most famous French industry, may not be as good as Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty.The silk weaving industry in the Lyon area is still dominated by handicrafts, and it can even be said to be very similar to the outsourced textile industry in Nantong at this time.

It was not until 1825 that Britain released the export control of steam engine technology—mainly until 25 years, when it was out of control, and it flowed out everywhere, and it couldn’t be controlled anymore—France began to gradually emerge a large number of steam engine industries.

To put it simply, Saint-Simonism has become a prominent school in France, and its macro-economic foundation is that "capitalism is developing, but capitalism is not developed enough."

On a more realistic level, the two cores of Saint-Simonism were issues that France at that time had to consider.

Of course, Saint-Simon, Fourier, and Owen are representatives of the three utopian societies.But the three people's dream directions are still different.

The basis of Saint-Simon's doctrine is the belief that:

[Why is capitalism so problematic, so cruel, that it has periodic crises? 】

[Because production is actually in a state of "anarchy", blind production, blind investment, complete disorder, can this not be a crisis? 】

From this, the next step of reasoning was produced.

As far as the situation in France was concerned at the time, industries wanted to develop, but they couldn’t get enough money; land, on the other hand, became the best investment direction, and money swished to the cultivated land after the land reform; .

However, the "industry" considered by Saint-Simon as the future often cannot get money. Even if the money is raised and wants to develop the industry, speculation, land speculation, land buying, lending, etc., make the interest rate too high, which makes France It is very difficult for the industry to develop.

So, how to solve this problem?

These are the two cores of Saint-Simonism:
One: the bank.

Since it is said that industry is the future, industry cannot make money.So, why not organize a super-large bank and let the bank put the money in the direction where it should be invested, so as to stimulate the development of industry?

Two: industrial technology.

Kings, nobles, gentry, moneylenders, financiers, etc., know the industrialization of a hammer?This group of people are all dead, and it seems that it has no effect on France, but it is better.

Then, we have to rely on "true scholars", including those who understand industry, agriculture, textiles, and learning, etc., of course, including industrial capitalists.These people who really understand industry and understand industry form a "Supreme Industry Committee" to formulate policies, control banks, and guide industries.

That is:

The Supreme Industry Council sets the course and acts as the "brain".

Banks, as the "hands" of the route, give money to those who should be given to those who should not, and to the hands of the industry.Don't let the money run around, run on land mergers, speculative reselling, and foreign bonds.

And this set of things...

After his believers took the top three position, Lao Ma once satirized: "Saint-Simon, the guardian angel of the Paris Stock Exchange, the prophet of liars, and the savior of widespread corruption and bribery."

The reason why it is said that this set of things, in Dashun at this time, will also become prominent learning, and even become the ultimate future of the whole set of "crooked scriptures" of the Real School under the influence of Liu Yu.

It stems from these two aspects.

First, the economic foundation. Capitalism is developing, but it is not developed enough. The concept of ownership of small farmers and petty bourgeoisie is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.At the same time, the Saint-Simonism itself is one of the three utopian societies, which includes the concern for the lower classes such as "benevolence, righteousness, morality, and morality", especially for small farmers, small producers, Some unrealistic care such as tenant farmers and hired workers is a fantasy society of benevolence, righteousness and morality.

Second, the emerging classes in Dashun, especially the industrial class, are now facing the same problem.

Under the private ownership of land in Dashun and the free sale and purchase of cultivated land, it is generally quite difficult for industries to obtain funds.

Money, or in other words, capital, has long legs, and always runs in the direction of those who "don't want them to run there".For example, buying land, hoarding land, mergers, usury and so on.

And itself, as a fantasy, naturally has the mentality of compromising with the original ruler.

Under this kind of compromise, the emerging class, especially the industrialists, naturally hope that there will be such a "bank" to give money to the people who deserve it , so as to avoid difficulties in industrial development and lack of money.

But, apparently, this "bank" ... can be imagined.

This is where the irony of the old horse comes: your company of Saint-Simon, the company is so good, the company has become the guardian angel of the stock exchange, and the company has become the savior of corruption and bribery.

The thread of this fantasy is actually very clear.

two lines.

industrial revolution.

Enlightenment.

The industrial revolution gave birth to the "industrial" thought of Saint-Simonism, that is, the development of science and technology, technological progress, and industrial development represent the future.

The Enlightenment gave birth to Saint-Simon’s reflections on the new era—fuck, this new era is different from the “reasonable kingdom designed for all human beings” described by the Enlightenment thinkers.In this new era, how can people eat people without spitting out their bones?
However, the status quo after the land reform in France, where capitalism is developing but not sufficiently developed, made Saint-Simon ponder for a long time, and he has discovered some problems of capitalism, and then he pondered, what is going on?
After pondering and pondering, it is impossible for him to understand theories such as surplus value, so he figured out: Oh, the problem lies in the "anarchy" of capitalist production, and finding a way to end this anarchy of production would not be All right?
And since he is the tail of the "Age of Enlightenment", naturally his thinking about human nature is based on the "Kingdom of Eternal Justice".

That is, it is believed that "history is the end, abstract human nature is fixed, and there is eternal justice."

Under this understanding, the emergence of the "society" of the Kongxiang Society has nothing to do with the development of human productivity and the development stage of human history.The so-called "society" is nothing more than a society that is "in line with human nature, eternally just, and rational."

Let alone an industrial society, according to this idea of ​​eternal justice, the fucking iron age is also completely fine.

Therefore, according to this abstract view of human nature, thinking about the "future of mankind" is basically similar to checking and crossing a question.

Monogamy?In line with human nature, it must be eternal human nature, check mark.

Seeking profit?It's not human nature, at least not "the kingdom of reason", cross.

No crops, no crops, three hundred grains of rice?Obviously wrong, cross.

Capital investment in industry to obtain profits, and use profits to promote industrial development?Obviously good, check mark.

equality?In line with human nature, check mark.

Fraternity?In line with human nature, check mark.

Benevolence and morality?In line with human nature, check mark.

Since it is said that abstract human nature is a theory that avoids the sociality and class nature of human beings and the social development of human beings, and abstractly explains the common nature of human beings.In essence, it can be regarded as an extension of "religion", "God", and "God created man".

People's standards for "morality, truth, goodness and beauty" are actually eternal.

And the core of the Enlightenment is reason, which is to use reason to break through the shackles of religion.

From this, it is derived that reason is used as a trial stand, and everything is brought before reason to be judged, and it is believed that as long as it appeals to reason, all human "mistakes" can be overcome.

At this time, capitalism began to develop.

Is capitalism scary?

Scary.

So why is it scary?
Obviously, it is because of human beings' "enlightenment", they mistake the wrong for the right, and the bad for the good.

So, as long as these "enlightenment" are solved, the scary problem of capitalism will be solved, right?

Everyone respects benevolence, righteousness and morality, and is a good person. Don't get confused and don't go astray. Isn't this the world's great harmony?

Does this have something to do with productivity?Has a relationship with the development of human history?Looking at it this way, not to mention the pre-industrial era, it is the era of slavery. As long as we can achieve human nature, not "bewildered", and achieve eternal justice, we can completely "community" and achieve a beautiful society.

This, in essence, is no different from the dream of the rule of three generations and the world of great harmony.

It is nothing more than that the cornerstone of productivity in one is the Industrial Age; the other is the Bronze and Iron Age.

After all, even Confucian scholars did not just talk about benevolence, righteousness and morality, but also fabricated a whole set of "Zhou Li" system, dreaming of guiding the operation of society.

And Saint-Simonism, in this era, created an "industrial system", which is quite normal.

Thus, the last link in Liu Yu's so-called Da Shunshi school's "crooked scriptures", a big poisonous weed, came into being.

Dashun is the imperial examination system.

Saint-Simonism is elitism.

Isn't the imperial examination system for the selection of elite talents?It's just that times have changed, and today's elites should be those who understand foreign languages, geography, industry, and technology.

The pragmatists feel that it would be great if we replaced it.Because we are the real elite, and you should step aside.

same.

The rule of three generations and the world of great harmony are also based on the abstract human form and eternal justice.

It is nothing more than your old-fashioned "Zhou Li", which does not mention steam engines, textile machines, iron tools, ox farming, or blast furnace iron.You guys are outdated.Now, we need to rely on the new "Zhou Li" as the policy of "industrial system and bank regulation".

There is also an issue of Dashun's "ideology" involved.

That is to say, Dashun founded the country with the knowledge of Yongjia and Yongkang schools.

When the knowledge of the Yongjia and Yongkang Schools reached the level of Chen Liang and Ye Shi, they went back to the problem of "from the outside to the inside" and "from the inside to the outside".

Ye Shi couldn't untie this knot, so he finally had to go back to the institutionalized operation of "returning to the rituals": Since the road is from the outside to the inside, the rituals of Zhou and the six arts are the ultimate standards of "outside".

Can practicing external skills produce internal skills, and to ensure that internal skills are upright?

What if the practice is wrong?After practicing the external kung fu all over the body, all the magic kung fu is practiced in the end, isn't that bullshit?
This is the root cause of Zhu Xi and Chen Liang's conflict. You, Chen Liang, said that you want to enrich the country and strengthen the army, so you have perfected your external skills to make the country rich and strengthen the army. Are you sure this is the right way?The golden man is eyeing it like a tiger, and you say that a rich country and a strong army, from the outside to the inside, the moral system is endless, so what the hell if the golden man wins, the country continues, and the country is prosperous and strong, then what do you mean, the golden man also has a moral system?Brother, you heard me right, after three generations, Taoism is extinct, everyone has no Taoism, even if the golden man wins, there is no Taoism, Taoism is in the hands of us scholars, and we still have the right to "restore Taoism" at any time initiative.

Since this problem cannot be avoided.

Then, Ye Shi can only go back to the system of "returning the rituals": You see, the master has clearly written the system, which is a set of external skills. In "Zhou Li", the system, the official system, and the land system , taxation system, etc., a trap.As long as we practice according to this set of external exercises, can we still go astray?

Continuing to Dashun, to the Yan Li School, it is also stuck in this link.That is to say, the link of "from the outside to the inside" - Yan Yuan and Li Wei, let the disciples learn the "arts", don't go to the scriptures first, as long as the six arts are mastered, from the outside to the inside, the right way will come from itself.

This is why in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the School of Neo-Confucianism slammed Yan Li's school, saying that they "didn't know where to go, so they built the car first, and rushed forward. Isn't this walking blindly? If you don't go inside first, Do you know where you should go? You don’t even know where you should go. If you learn art and ‘build a car’, when the time comes and you run in the opposite direction, isn’t it getting farther and farther from the right path?”

This is also why with the development of textual research, especially when it comes to the issue of "textual research on fake books", people from the Yan-Li School are so excited and opposed to the question of whether Zhou Li and Shangshu are "post-recognition and fabrication". ,debate.

It stems from this "outside-in" problem.The basis from the outside to the inside is the "system" of ancient books such as "Zhou Li" and "Shang Shu".

In the end, it is necessary to achieve the ultimate goal of practicing external skills is the right way through the "retro-time system".

How to ensure that the internal strength practiced "from the outside to the inside" is not an evil path? It is a hurdle that Dashun has never been able to get around in the process of governing the country after solving the problem of "the humiliation of the barbarians" after learning from the Song Confucianism Yongjia Yongkang School. , which is the root cause of the embarrassing ideological construction scene of "breaking but not establishing" Neo Confucianism.

Why did you choose the knowledge of Yongjia and Yongkang in the first place?

Answer, this is the knowledge of combat, the knowledge born out of Jingkang's shame, it is in line with the reality of the last years of the previous dynasty, and it is the righteousness of Dashun.

After taking it, when it comes to governing the country, everyone knows that this thing is "too overbearing".Now that the Eastern Captives have been abolished, how can this kind of "overbearing" knowledge be regarded as orthodox?

Of course, since it was chosen at the beginning, now, for Dashun, in terms of the ideology of "restraining oneself" or "returning the rituals", the one that is closer to Dashun's ideology in theory is "returning the rituals".

Self-denial, and then return to ritual.From the inside out, is a road.

Restoring the ritual, from the outside to the inside, the system is constructed, so that the inside and the outside are consistent and the ritual is restored, and finally self-denial, from the outside to the inside, is another way.

That is to say, the ideology chosen by Dashun in order to achieve "righteousness" since the founding of the country focuses on "outside".

This kind of thinking has continued to this day, and under the influence of subtle influences, when the steam age is approaching, even the practical school urgently needs a "systematic external skill".

This "external" should be similar to Zhou Li, it is a whole set of systems, laws and regulations, policies, ownership, and even the amount of interest must be taken into consideration.

Therefore, the utopian "Saint-Simon elite industrialism" that is very consistent with Dashun's real school and close to Dashun's economic foundation at this time, strengthens banks to lean towards industries to suppress mergers, and starts from abstract human benevolence, righteousness, morality and eternal justice The Saint-Simon Utopia Society built by a better society fits well into the ultimate "ultimate future" of the whole set of [Correct Classics] of the Dashunshi School.

The interpretation of the status quo, the future understanding of industrialized productivity, and the ultimate future of Utopia Society, this set of crooked scriptures can be regarded as having a beginning and a tail, people's government is constantly dying, disciples have faith, policy reforms have goals, and can be deduced according to the "scriptures" out of the target.

(End of this chapter)