Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1442 The crooked has become

It is normal for the prince to shrink back after he introduced the rice ban in Hubei.

As for Dashun's Practical School, Liu Yu is sure that some of them will not shrink back.

The reason why the prince shrinks is that the prince wants political achievements, but he doesn't have a whole "Tao" in his mind, or a whole "classic".

And the reason why Liu Yu believes that the Dashunshi School will not shrink...

How should I put it, believing in the Bible is also called firm faith; believing in the words of saints can also be called firm faith.

And Liu Yu either practiced against Lao Ma's theory, or only half-spoken.

In Dashun, a crooked scripture was developed that could not be crooked any more.

In this case, a complete set of "classics" needs to have three basic elements: "discovering problems", "solving problems", and "looking forward to the future".

Whether it's the Bible, the Six Classics, the Qur'an, or other economics, it's all the same.

Without the four words "looking forward to the future", then this scripture as a scripture must be incomplete.

As I said before, whether it is the two legs of per capita food that Liu Yu said, or the theory of industry and commerce that can accommodate more people, it can be regarded as the future, but it cannot be regarded as the "ultimate future".

In the Bible, there is the last judgment and the birth of the kingdom of heaven.

In the Six Classics, there is self-denial and ritual, and there is a way to do it.

These are the "ultimate future" and can finally be made into a complete set of "scriptures".

Yes, it has a head, a tail, and a body.

Liu Yu's theory of Lao Ma, under the background of Dashun's era, is basically either rehearsed or only half-spoken, so it is naturally impossible to draw an original conclusion.

However, Liu Yu's set of things has a system in the environment of Dashun, and it has a system that includes the ultimate future.

only……

This whole set of cutting and refining can be described as a hodgepodge of "reactionary, vulgar, utopian" economics.

It is not an exaggeration to call it a big poisonous weed.

Reaction is the status quo.

Vulgarity is the goal.

Fantasy is the ultimate future.

These three elements are so complete that they form a self-contained system. Under the productivity, economic foundation, and historical tradition at this time, a whole set of new learning has been formed, which has become the "classic" of the Practical School.

Reactionary refers to what Liu Yu satirized before, saying that Dashun is now doing "Malthusian economics".

Vulgarity refers to the Dashun School's understanding of the goals of "industrial and commercial development", "industrialization" and "productivity", which is "Lister Economics".

Utopia refers to the goal of "ultimate future". In view of its historical tradition and small peasant fantasy, Dashun's goal is towards "Saint-Simonism".

Therefore, the set of the Dashunshi School, which was cut by Liu Yu, taken out of context, rehearsed, and only half-spoken, after forming its own system, is a standard big poisonous weed that combines "reactionary, vulgar, and utopian".

And what Liu Yu said, in the fatal situation he laid out for Dashun, there is a theoretical way to break the situation of the most cunning and capable feudal ruler, which is contained in this trinity of poisonous weeds.

In layman's terms, the enhanced version of Napoleon III and the conservative version of Kita Ikki.

To say that the reactionary status quo is Malthusian economics.

It refers to Dashun's policy of "separation of government from inside and outside". In fact, overproduction has already occurred in Dashun's first-developed areas.

This kind of surplus is not a surplus that "remains surplus after the domestic unified market has fully developed".

Those in Dashun who supported the continued development of industry and commerce included landlords, nobles, royal families, usurers, and complete rentiers.

They support industrial and commercial development.

But at the same time they must sit on their ass and prove that their existence is valuable.

So, based on the special overproduction that had already appeared in Dashun at this time, they took out the set of things that Liu Yu fooled Japan back then, and it was Liu Yu who shot himself in the foot.

To put it simply: In this reactionary economic model, rentiers, landlords, nobles, etc. who only consume and do not work; only collect rent and do not produce are the cornerstones of social stability.

They are the real "effective demanders".

If there were no people who only consumed but did not produce; only collected rent and did not work, wouldn't there be an "effective demand crisis" of overproduction?
These landlords, nobles, royal families, rentiers, etc. who supported the development of industry and commerce were regarded as "fellow travelers" in the development of industry and commerce in Dashun in the early days.

They fought against those pure old-fashioned factions who opposed the development of industry and commerce, and also supported Dashun's reforms.

But when Dashun's industrial and commercial development gradually started, they naturally found a theory that was beneficial to them and advocated it.

They even applied this reactionary economics to the current situation of Dashun's foreign trade at this time.

After explaining the status quo, they equate the demand for overseas trade with domestic landlords, rentiers, nobles, army sticks, and raw workers who "only consume and do not produce".

These people are collectively referred to as "effective demanders".

After all, Dashun's handicraft industry is a bit strange. In this era of handicraft industry, it has created an astonishing trade surplus.

Since the mid-Ming Dynasty, he has been a Pixiu, only eating but not pulling.

And silver, as a commodity in the early days and now as a currency, inevitably creates an illusion: currency is not a commodity.

Since this false impression exists and silver is just abstract money, isn't it possible to say that Dashun's foreign trade is also looking for "effective demanders" so as to solve Dashun's overproduction crisis?

Foreign trade is the pillar of Dashun's reform, and also the cornerstone of taxation and treasury for Dashun's transformation.

In this case, foreign trade is looking for "effective demanders".

So, aren’t the domestic landlords, rentiers, moneylenders, royal families, military officers, and students all “effective demanders” who only consume and do not produce?

Without those who only buy but not sell in overseas trade; without domestic landlord rentiers, royal family and military officers who only consume but not produce, how can Dashun's industry and commerce develop?

How to develop industry and commerce without "effective demand"?
In this, it is not just the former fellow travelers and today's reactionaries who think so.

In fact, some members of the Dashunshi School have similar ideas.

It's just that they extended the so-called "effective demand" to the concept of "equal land".

Some of the radicals of the Dashun School of Reality—of course not all of them, but now Dashun is experiencing changes unseen in a thousand years, so that all kinds of thoughts are flourishing—a part of the Radicals of Realism, The construction of an ideal society is also based on the self-cultivating peasant economy after land equalization.

That is, to expand the "effective demand" from landlords, rentiers, military officers, etc., to a larger number of self-cultivating farmers after the land is equalized in the future, based on the thousand-year dream, social reality, and traditional demands of the farmers in Dashun. .

The basis of this trend of thought, subconsciously, is still the separation of "agriculture, industry, and commerce."

That is, through the equalization of land, the number of self-cultivating farmers will be expanded.And the owner-peasant, only farming, not industrial and commercial.

Therefore, owner farmers can be regarded as "effective demanders" of "industrial and commercial production".

Owner farmers buy ironware, cloth, sugar, wine, etc., because 10000 taels of silver is spent by one person, and 10000 taels of silver is spent by 100 people, and their "effective demand" is different.

Therefore, the "equal land" appeal of these radicals, at least under the current situation, is also based on this kind of reactionary economics, and is based on Malthus's "effective demand" theory. .

This is the "reactionary" economics in the trinity of reactionary, vulgar, and utopian, reflected in Dashun's current situation.

The source of this kind of social awareness is that Liu Yu took Lao Ma's theory out of context to the extreme, only talking about "how capitalism came about", avoiding its internal contradictions, or thinking that Dashun is not qualified yet Talk about the inherent contradictions of capitalism.

Its social foundation comes from Dashun's industrial and commercial development, reform, foreign trade, and industrial and commercial development, rather than relying on the bourgeoisie itself.On the contrary, it developed in a way similar to the Westernization Movement, relying on the support of the imperial power, nobles, and some landlords in Dashun.

These people, sitting there with their butts, will naturally look for what is in their interests; proving that they are not only not a burden in the new era, but an indispensable part.

Thus, the first foundation of Liu Yu's so-called "whole set of crooked scriptures", reactionary economics, was laid.

And the second foundation of "this whole set of crooked scriptures" is Lister economics.

According to a certain definition, it can be regarded as a kind of "vulgar economics" that can be regarded as a proper noun.

Here, we will not talk about the superficial things such as "tariff protection for the poor, free trade for the maximum" of Lister's economics.

Only talk about the "industrialization" issue in Lister's economics.

That is to say, what is the goal of the Dashunshi School, industrialization?And the trend of thought that drives the Dashunshi School to believe that it is necessary to develop industry and commerce and achieve industrialization is the cornerstone of the Dashunshi School's [vulgar] [industrial party] - the issue of productivity.

List economics is about productivity.

Not only talking, but talking big and special.

However, the "productivity" in Lister's economics is not the "productivity" in Lao Ma's theory.

On the contrary, the productivity in Listerian economics is more like a hodgepodge of "economic base" + "superstructure" + "historical tradition" + "system" + "nationality".

For example, the development of productive forces that Liszt believes is [monogamy, abolition of slavery and feudal territories, stable succession to the throne, printing, newspapers, postal services, currency, measurement, calendars, clocks, police, etc., the invention of institutions , the implementation of the principle of freehold real estate, the adoption of means of transportation... citizens and officials gain a certain degree of spiritual strength, freedom, local autonomy] and so on, these are all the development of productive forces.

He mixed these things together and abstracted them into elements of "productivity".

That is to say, it is easy to draw a conclusion: how to guarantee these things?
So, launch, that takes a thing.

This thing, it is a collection of groups with powerful power, which can protect and promote the development of this miscellaneous abstract "productivity", guarantee safety, and ensure that the system is conducive to the development of productivity, or as a tool, to Realize the development of productive forces that he defines as "all-encompassing, from institutions to regulations to nationalities to traditions".

This thing is a tool to protect "policy beliefs conducive to the development of productive forces".

In other words, an entity is needed to make these policy tenets fall into place.

What is this thing?

What is it that can serve as a better tool?
What is it that can have such strength at this time?

Naturally, it is very easy to draw conclusions at this point.

country.

(End of this chapter)