Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1439 Disagreement ([-])

First, there is a foreshadowing of what the "summation of national wealth" is.

Only then can the concept of "macroscopic invalid labor" be introduced.

Ineffective labor at the macro level leads to the necessity of developing industry and commerce.

And the development of industry and commerce is ultimately to increase the "summary of national wealth after the settlement".

Therefore, Liu Yu took "The Wealth of Nations" out of context and cut it into two parts.

In Dashun, the definition of Guofu was left behind.

In Europe, the "advantage" theory was promoted, but it was Ricardo's revised "relative advantage" rather than the "absolute advantage" of the original book.

It should be said that this out of context is the most in line with the spirit of the original "The Wealth of Nations": the wealth of the country is the goal, in order to achieve this goal, criticize the British mercantilism policy, because the mercantilism policy has restricted the development of British productivity .

The spiritual core lies in the "wealth of the country", and free trade is just a means, a means specific to the British policy at that time.

And Liu Yu took "The Wealth of Nations" out of context, which is the closest to the essence of The Wealth of Nations: the wealth of a country is the goal, what Dashun needs now is mercantilism, colonial expansion, high tax policy, national strength, military expansion and shipbuilding, and relying on military hegemony Acquiring commercial hegemony to drive the industrial development in the handicraft era is the essence of how capitalism came about.These things now not only do not restrict the development of Dashun's productivity, but on the contrary greatly promote the development of Dashun's productivity, that is, to achieve the goal of "wealth of the country".

The first point is "writing scriptures".

The second key point is: how to make the concept of per capita food have practical significance.

This counts as "exegesis".

To put it simply, can Nanyang rice be averaged with Gansu rice?Is the calculated average meaningful to Gansu?
Of course, this is not a problem at all in later generations.Not to mention the rice in Nanyang, even the rice in Northeast China can be considered on average with Gansu, and it is meaningful.

But right now, it's a very serious question.

If you don't even understand the canal and water transportation from the south of the Yangtze River to the capital, and it makes people complain, how can it be possible to talk about the concept of "per capita grain possession" that is separated by thousands of miles?

Times, is this feeling.

Some things that are taken for granted in some eras, in another era, it is a big thing that cannot be ignored.

Therefore, on the second key point, Liu Yu took out a few things to let those who believed in the "scriptures" see the future.

Railroad, the first.

The first-developing countries in the world at this time are desperately building infrastructure.

Britain is building canals because Britain is good for canals.

France is building roads, and it is building roads through the labor system, which will lay the foundation for a unified France after the French reform in the future.

Dashun is building the railway.

Because Dashun is neither suitable for building canals nor roads in the north, at least under the current conditions and technology, it is impossible to build roads like France, and it is impossible to build canals like Britain in the north.

With the appearance of the steam engine in Dashun, Liu Yu did not foolishly introduce it directly to the textile industry.

But from the very beginning, Liu Yu was leading in the direction of coal mines, salt wells, and steam vehicles.

Relying on the collapsed ecology of North China, the urgent need for coal in Beijing, a consumer city, and the emperor's special concern for the stability of the capital, an experimental railway was finally created.

For now, the significance that the railway brings to Dashun is more symbolic than practical.At least for the time being, because the current power is insufficient, the transportation capacity is average, and it has not yet reached the point where it is shocking compared to the old traditions such as tank ships.

This kind of symbolic meaning is even more meaningful to those who believe in the future described by Liu Yu that "industrial and commercial industries can accommodate enough people".

Not in the railway itself, nor in the miracle of man's conquest of nature.

What's more, this makes it possible for the "scriptures" such as "per capita grain possession" and "national wealth, macro-effective labor" proposed by Liu Yu to be truly implemented.

What the railway brought to this group of people was to enable the "new era country" based on the concept of per capita food possession to theoretically exist in reality.

To put it simply, suppose there is a railway from northeast to Henan.Well, if Henan can theoretically grow cotton.

Because, the Northeast and Henan are finally connected as one.Grain in the Northeast can appear in Henan at any time, and the price will not be soaring because of the summary of the iron age of cattle farming that is "not sold for thousands of miles".

Of course, planting cotton is just a concentrated symbol, not that books must be planted, or really planted.

Even speaking, from the perspective of feudal rule and traditional scholar-bureaucrat thinking.The emergence of this thing has also enabled the traditional dreams of scholar-bureaucrats such as "Ping Tiao" and "Parity Price" to be theoretically realized on tens of millions of square kilometers of land.

In addition to this kind of technological progress, there are many policies involving economic power such as national power, such as foreign expansion and foreign wars, plundering colonies, and robbing world markets.

This also makes the concept of "per capita grain possession" realized in another way in Dashun.

Building railways means that food has no legs, and railways can allow food to go to places where there is a shortage of food, achieving the meaning of per capita food.

External expansion and market grabbing means that food does not have legs, but people have legs.Food can't be moved to people because they have no legs; but why don't people rely on legs and move to food?

Where is Dashun's food?
In the Kanto sorghum fields, in the Ezo wheat fields, in the Nanyang rice plantations, in the export of rice in Siam and India, in North Korea for the rice return system, in Japan's daimyo lack of money to sell rice and the tax and rent of five public and five people.

In short, by the sea.

With the development of navigation technology in these years, the food on the seaside is very abundant macroscopically.

Since it is said that under this set of theories specially applied to Dashun, there is enough food on a macro level, then industry and commerce are a "special way of distributing food".

Then, in the First World War, Dashun participated in and won the war, and retained the triangular trade system but took the status of the "industrial product" producer in the triangular trade into its hands.

Therefore, industry and commerce are regarded as a "special way of distributing grain", that is, "commercialization of grain and participation in commodity exchange with silver as the medium". Under the condition that the endogenous contradictions in the country do not break out in a short period of time, we should make every effort to develop the industry and commerce in the coastal areas.

Under the assumption of continued development, the general route of Fusang immigration will be continued to achieve a large-scale eastward flow of population.

Moreover, it is a super-large population eastward migration from the west coast of Fusang to the east of the Rocky Mountains, from the coastal area to the west coast of the Fusang flow, and from the inland area to the coast, and spread to the entire Dashun.

The railway is to add legs to the food.

In World War I, people let their legs get close to the food.

If these two legs are connected, the Practical School can really see the dawn of the future, and the future that Liu Yu advocates is theoretically possible to be realized.

Of course, the future advocated by Liu Yu does not involve more things.

It was just abstracted as "not too harmful" in the eyes of the feudal rulers, and the abstract industry and commerce accommodated too many people.

As for whether the "extremely large industrial and commercial population" is harmful to the feudal rulers... I can't see it now. When I wait to see it, it will be too late.

Therefore, Liu Yu and the emperor talked about the "benefits" of exploitation and surplus value based on the immigration of Fusang, and talked about how these things "helped" the emperor solve the problem of overpopulation and land shortage.

In fact, it is advocating the rationality of "the second type of private ownership".

And Ma said very clearly that the second type of private ownership will grow on the grave of the first type of private ownership.Advocating the rationality of the second type of private ownership is actually beating side drums and giving vaccinations for the "destruction of the first type of private ownership."

Looking at it now, the emperor neither wants to equalize the land, nor has the ability to equalize the land, nor does he want to directly toss out a Wang Mang reform.

Therefore, the emperor's thinking is to rely on the cycle of the old dynasty. After calculating the time, he thinks that there are still more than a hundred years.Well, as long as it takes more than a hundred years to complete the explosion of industrial and commercial development and accommodate enough population, even if it is said that the inland land will be equalized in the future, a lot of pressure will be relieved.

Of course, theoretically speaking, if industry and commerce are really fully developed and enough population is accommodated, there is no need to consider issues such as suppression of mergers, land restrictions, and equalization of land.

At least the emperor seemed to have less trouble now.

After all, even if there is a general idea, in the future, relying on the east to overwhelm the west to achieve equalization of land, and relying on the west to overwhelm the east to maintain system governance, there is basically such an idea.

But thinking belongs to thinking.

It must be extremely dangerous to do it.

Not to mention that it will be a hundred years later, maybe his descendants will be like Emperor Hui of Jin.

Let's say that after a hundred years, his descendants are very capable, but if they play such a big game, if they are a little careless, they will be smashed to pieces.

This kind of reform related to the equalization of land can be regarded as an unprecedented success.

The only one that looks a bit similar in appearance, the ending is that the heads were all pulled off and became the magic weapon of the second dynasty of the Han Dynasty.

As for the issue of land equalization itself, Liu Yu is actually very supportive, and believes that the new era cannot be born smoothly without land equalization to offset the severe pain of the birth of the new era.

However, Liu Yu would not discuss the matter of Juntian with the emperor.

Since it has no meaning in the righteousness, this stuff, in Dashun, is not something that cannot be discussed, at least it is in line with Dashun's mainstream political correctness.

Nor does it have any practical significance. This thing, the current Dashun itself, is not a reform that can be completed, at least for now, there is no hope at all.

Relying on the feudal dynasty to equalize the land... To put it bluntly, the attributes of the rebel army who fought all the way from Xi'an to the capital were not completed, let alone now.

Talking about Juntian is meaningless.

It makes sense to talk about industrial and commercial development.

What happened in the future, I will say later, industry and commerce continued to develop and developed, and the emperor and the landlords could not equalize the land, and there were other classes who took the lead in equalizing the land.

Liu Yu just explained his "two legs" to the emperor clearly, telling the emperor that the future of industry and commerce to accommodate a large number of landless people, which "can solve the cancer of the feudal dynasty caused by landless people's uprising caused by land annexation", seems to be the future. achievable.

Of course, Liu Yu will not tell the emperor the price: the cancer of the feudal dynasty can be cured, but the method of treatment may be different from what you think.

The way to cure the cancer of the dynasty by the development of industry and commerce is the power born in industry and commerce, which turns into a noose and strangles the feudal dynasty.If everyone dies, won't the cancer stop expanding?This is also a kind of cure, treating the symptoms and the root cause.

(End of this chapter)