Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1428
It's not far from Shandong to Beijing.

Even compared to the vast China, which has a vast territory and many latitudes, there is no change in species.

Along the road, there are still willows, poplars, and elms, and occasionally there are some pagoda trees planted to prepare for the famine.

The road is also yellow in color, and the scenery along the way is actually the same.

Similar to the changes in species caused by latitude and longitude, Dashun's reforms in recent years are also a smooth change.

The magnitude of this change is like traveling in the carriage era. Looking around, it seems that I can't feel that I am moving forward.

Instead of taking a short nap like taking a plane in later generations, when you wake up, maybe there is still knee-high snow when you leave, but there are birds and flowers when you arrive.

Unless the external development has reached a certain level, such rapid changes are possible.

For most of the people in the capital, there have been changes in these years, but there is no such "exclamation" or "surprise" change.

The use of steam engines and railway transportation in Jingxi Coal Mine are naturally changing.

But for the people in the capital, the burning of coal itself does not exclaim like Marco Polo: the Chinese actually burn a kind of black stone.

Because, at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Yin Tinggao wrote poems lamenting the warmth of burning coal: the hearth is exquisite and charcoal red, and the reed mushrooms on the soil bed feel the spring melting...

Don't talk about burning coal.

As for the strikes and strikes caused by coal mining, the people in the capital have long been used to it.

As early as the 31st year of Wanli in the previous dynasty, the "coal sunspots" in the capital had already called for a break and posted posters, so that the capital panicked, and the entire capital was cut off from coal in the winter, causing a lot of trouble. It directly led to Emperor Wanli's replacement of the capital's coal mine supervision.

All in all, even though Dashun has made many reforms in recent years, it has affected the lives of the people in all aspects.

Maybe someone was dug here from 500 years ago, and when he came here suddenly, he would not be used to it, and he would exclaim everywhere.

But people who have been living in this land, facing this kind of change like slowly boiling warm water, did not feel too surprised, so much as to exclaim in admiration.

Instead, it is a kind of progress that does not know that it is moving forward. Everyone regards all this as a normal state of life, and gets used to a life that changes slightly every day.

Of course, this is a macro perspective, or the perspective of those who have not yet been involved in the change, or most of the people who have no direct interest in the change.

And if those who have been involved in the change, their feelings over the past few decades must be different.

For example, a simple railway from Mentougou to Beijing directly changed the fate of tens of thousands of people.

The camel bell in the west of Jing gradually disappeared.

Those who raise camels, sell camels, pull camels to load coal, and those small shop owners who open camel shops in the west of Beijing or open large car shops at night for the camels pulling coal to rest...

The woodcutters in Nanyuan planted apples with subsidies from the imperial court.Because the firewood in Nanyuan could not be sold, the livelihood of tens of thousands of people living in such a large royal garden was completely changed.

This is just the tip of the changing iceberg.

Every change will bring many interests and losses.

However, the pace of the times is like this: little by little, the elimination of the middle class, the elimination of handicraftsmen, and the citizens of small industries who have lived in handicrafts are gradually forced into proletarians who can only sell their labor power.

However, handicraft workers, like potatoes in the field, are scattered and independent, and they cannot be naturally disciplined and organized like workers in factories.

Therefore, Liu Yu's reforms ate away at them bit by bit, eliminating each industry one by one, trying not to trigger large-scale resistance as much as possible.Even if there was resistance, relying on the natural dispersal of the handicraftsmen, they would be suppressed in batches.

But for most people in this era, this kind of slow disappearance is not the whole of life.

Most people still sleep on soil beds, burn charcoal, eat steamed buns, put salt in vegetables, eat pears in autumn and radishes in winter.

It's nothing more than that there are apples sold in the market today. If you eat them fresh in the first year, they will become household items in the future; One point, I don’t care where the other side of the cochineal worm is; in the future, I will no longer use firecrackers to blow torches but matches. After a long time, even suicide by swallowing match heads has become a habit, and the focus is no longer It was the matchheads but suicide itself.

Living in a little bit of change, but definitely not like the later generations of China, a 80-300-year-old man may have experienced [-] years of changes in the normal development of the world in his life - he had never even heard of electric lights when he was a child, and he had to hold sorghum stalks The chip is used everywhere to catch fire; when you are old, you can use your mobile phone and fiddle with the Internet TV a little bit.

And human adaptability is very strong.A person who had never even heard of electric lights when he was young became used to such things as Bethune being Canadian and the fact that electric wires cannot be used to put out fires with water as part of his life in middle age.

What's more, at this time, Dashun's seemingly drastic change is actually a slow change in life.

For the people, it is like this.

Because the things that the common people can touch must be energy-produced.It is difficult for common people's homes to come into contact with those that are not mass-produced.

But for the rulers in the Dashun court, the changes in their lives were much more drastic than that of the common people.

After all, some things, in this era, can be rubbed out by hand regardless of the cost.

Regardless of whether the so-called "skillful and obscene" idea is a mainstream.Liu Yu is trying to use technology to get rid of the impression of "unique skills and obscene skills".

As a result, many new things that were produced purely by hand, regardless of cost, and could not be mass-produced at this time, flowed into the court continuously as "tributes".

This time, the emperor summoned Liu Yu who had returned to Beijing and chose a building in Xiyuan.

There's nothing unusual about the building itself.

But within a few hundred steps around this building, there are many things that should not exist at this time.

Something that will completely smash the stereotype of "skillful and kinky".

The emperor is old.

The accompanying attendants should carefully support the old emperor to prevent the old emperor from falling on the path near the building in Xiyuan.

Apart from the emperor, Liu Yu, and his servants, there was no one else around him.

On both sides of the path that the emperor walked, there was a wheat field.This wheat field was planted by the emperor himself after offering sacrifices to the Xiannong Altar to encourage farming... Of course, this kind of self-planting is mainly a formality, a symbolic support of a plowshare, tens of acres of land, the emperor may It also symbolically supported one or two acres.

Xiyuan has a lot of water. If the emperor cultivates it himself and there is no shortage of people, it is still very simple to dig a canal to divert water.

But in the distance of this wheat field, there is a coal-fired, steam-powered water pump like a fart while taking off your pants.

It was not activated at this time, but obviously, it should have been used to deliver water to this wheat field that actually only needed to dig a canal and did not need a pump.

Next to the buildings farther away, you can vaguely see a few tall wooden poles coated with asphalt to prevent insects and corrosion. Some porcelain gourds are hung on them, and some long threads are wound around them.

It was the tribute of Liu Yu's "tribute", a set of small gadgets that were purely handicraftsmen regardless of cost and could not be mass-produced industrially at this time, and were used to replace oil lamps and candles.

In addition, there are many similar things in a mess.

The old emperor walked forward, and Liu Yu followed suit.

The old emperor didn't talk about the Yellow River with Liu Yu, nor did he talk about whether Liu Yu would recommend someone to build the Yellow River after he came back this time.

Instead, after walking for a while in silence, the emperor said slowly, "This piece of farmland can be regarded as my own farming. The wheat field is growing very well, and a lot of saltpetre, struvite, and bone phosphorous powder have been sprinkled... Last year, this year The yield per mu is more than [-] catties."

"Qing was in Jinan at that time. I invited the officials to watch and weighed them on the spot. The officials were all shocked. Some said auspiciousness, some wrote poems to congratulate, or said my merits and virtues to honor God..."

Speaking, the emperor pointed to the steam pump in the distance.

"Compared to a waterwheel, this thing doesn't require much manpower, and it doesn't stop day and night. It's really beyond the reach of manpower. This Xiyuan is not short of water, and there is no shortage of manpower, but I ordered them to use this thing to carry water."

After all, the old emperor stopped, looked around, and said slowly: "I have been coming here often these few years."

"You know that when I come here, I always think of an ancient poem. I wonder if Aiqing can guess it?"

Liu Yu didn't say that he couldn't guess it, and he didn't try to guess it. Instead, he used a well-known poem.

"When the day of hoeing is noon, sweat drips down the soil. Who would have thought that every grain of Chinese food on the plate is hard work."

The emperor couldn't help laughing when Liu Yu finished reciting the poem.

After a long time, the laughter stopped, but another poem that didn't seem to fit was recited.

"Wild grass and flowers by the Zhuque Bridge, and the setting sun is slanting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane."

"In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people."

After reading it, he looked at the steam pump in the distance, the wheat fields sprinkled with saltpeter and other natural fertilizers, and the utility poles looming in the distance, and repeated the last sentence.

"In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people..."

"If this is the case, the world will be settled. In the past, I didn't know where to go, but today I know where to go."

Liu Yu naturally understood what the emperor meant.

He also looked around, thinking about the poem read by the emperor, "How can we know the way today? You know a hammer, you know. Do you know what productivity and production relations are? You think that industrialization makes these things Is it just a technical problem to fly into the homes of ordinary people? Or do you think that industrialization, which is dimly perceived, means building railways, building factories, and digging coal mines?"

Thinking like this in my heart, but said on my mouth: "Your Majesty is worried about the country and the people..."

After a very normal routine, Liu Yu said again: "If these things can really fly into the homes of ordinary people..."

"Since ancient times, in an ideal world, Datong is the first to be promoted."

"Great Harmony is not achieved, then seek well-off."

"The master said: The way of the great way is also the pursuit of the heroes of the three generations. Qiu Wei did not catch him, but he has aspirations. The way of the way is also, the world is the public, the selection of the virtuous and the capable, the trustworthiness and the harmony. Therefore, people do not only kiss their own relatives, but also have aspirations. The only son is his son, so that the old will have an end, the strong will be used, the young will be strong, the widowed, the lonely, the sick, and the sick will be supported. The male will have a share, and the female will return. If the evil is abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide it in yourself. ; Power and evil do not come from the body, and do not have to be for oneself. It is because they do not prosper when they conspire against others, and do not engage in thieves and thieves, so they do not shut themselves out. This is called Datong.”

"It is also said: Today the Dao is hidden, the world is a family, each relative is relatives, each son is his son, the goods and power are his own, the adults are in the world, they regard rituals, the domains of Guogou and Chi are regarded as solid, etiquette and righteousness are regarded as rules, and the rulers and ministers are upright. To be honest with father and son, to be kind to brothers, to be harmonious with husband and wife, to establish a system, to establish a field, to be wise and courageous, to take merit as one's own... This is called Xiaokang."

"In the world of Great Harmony, we need the journey of the Great Dao."

"I don't understand the Dao, and I dare not take a peek at the Dao."

"That's why, all the minister's actions are based on the premise that the Dao is hidden. Therefore, Datong dare not seek, and if it is true as His Majesty said, these things fly into the homes of ordinary people, and it is not an exaggeration to call them well-off."

The emperor nodded, and said: "I have also read the memorandum you wrote before. As you said, the per capita land in Shandong is only three mu, and the weather is smooth, there is no rain, no disaster, and even no labor tax. Calculated when the yield per mu is more than a hundred catties, it is only four hundred catties per person."

"I don't mention whether it is feasible to equalize the land and limit the land, but just count it, and the food will be enough to eat. The rest of the inequality of the rich and the poor, disasters, floods and droughts, corrupt officials, annexation of land, etc., have no family. If there is any disturbance in grain storage, there will be chaos."

"In recent years, saltpeter from India and South Fusang have also flowed in more, and some people have begun to use them to fertilize their fields. In addition, there are many grain-producing areas in Kanto and Nanyang. As long as the transportation is convenient, it will be relief, and it will be stable for the time being. "

"It's just that nowadays, no matter the saltpetre in this fertile field, the coal that is pumped and transpired...the price is very high, and ordinary people may not be able to afford it. In addition, food is cheap now, and few grain farmers use this fertile field."

"Do you think these things can finally enter the homes of ordinary people?"

"Besides, I think that as this thing becomes more and more, the rich have the money and power to use it more; the poor have no money and little power and can't use it. As time goes on, won't the poor get poorer and the rich get richer?"

"Nowadays, there are more and more sayings in the central government that the land is equalized, the land is limited, and even the four registrations are re-established, but those who are farmers, businessmen, and businessmen are not allowed to buy land."

"Businessmen make profits very quickly. If they merge and buy land, it will be really difficult to control. What strategy does Ai Qing have for this matter?"

The emperor glanced at Liu Yu, sighed and said, "Even if you can't do it for a while, you can do it slowly."

"Now I have some doubts in my heart. I don't know if there is a way to have the best of both worlds?"

"Every time I look at this field in the past few years, I think that if this kind of method can really be used in the world and fly into the homes of ordinary people, why should the world worry about food shortages and people's upheavals? Even if there is a drought, people can use less power to pump water for irrigation. In this way, the world is big enough, and many reliefs are given, and it can be called a well-off."

"But in the same way, if the land is restricted and the land is equalized; even if the farmer has the land, the four registrations are re-established, and the household status cannot be crossed... It seems to be stable, but it can't make the industry develop, and it seems difficult to let these things fly into ordinary people. Family."

"With such a dilemma, is there a way to achieve both in the world? It can stabilize small farmers, limit the land and suppress mergers; it will not hinder the development of industries, and even the private land can be used for nitrate fertilizer and water pumps?"

Liu Yu thought, of course there are.But this is not something your Dashun Dynasty can do.However, Dashun has this foundation. At the very least, the population is sufficient, so that the situation in those European countries will not happen. It can only be inclined to a certain industry, and it is not enough for this or that person; it is not enough for that or that person.

However, now that the emperor asked this question, Liu Yu could only reply: "Your Majesty, cure the symptoms? Cure the root cause?"

(End of this chapter)