Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1113 Shangguo Mentality ([-])
It's just that the authorities are confused and the bystanders are clear.Many things are easier said than done.

The attempt by Meng Songlu and others to engage in village associations was within the scope of the Taizhou School of the previous dynasty. In addition, when doing this, those who were really willing to contact the bottom were mostly Confucian scholars who had inherited the essence of the Taizhou School of thought.

Although the Taizhou School said that King Wu should return to Shaanxi after defeating Zhou and let Weizi be the emperor, so there was no one who really carried the banner of the Taizhou School at this time.

But after changing clothes, the person is still the same person.

Meng Songlu stood in front of Quan Zhe, from the perspective of a bystander, and he could think that their school was infected by Western religion.

However, when it was their turn, they were troubled by some religious thoughts.

Huang Zongxi said back then that Mr. Yangming's learning was popular all over the world because of Taizhou Longxi, and it gradually lost its popularity because of Taizhou Longxi.

The Confucianism of the Taizhou School follows the path of civilianization and religiousization.

Relying on qigong to cure diseases, reciting poems, and telling stories, the complex and systematic Confucianism is made into a religion-like method, and Confucian morality is spread in a way that "foolish men and women" can understand.

The founder of the school has written "Ode to the Loach and Eel", and also said that "if you enter, you will be the teacher of the country, and if you leave, you will be the teacher of all ages". It can be roughly seen what the direction of Confucianism reform he is thinking about.

In short, a group of loaches and eels were trapped in the water tank, dying.At this time, he, the forerunner, jumped into the Tianhe River, transformed into a dragon, lowered the jade dew, and carried the dying loaches into the sea.

There is a poem praising it: Once spring comes, you will not be free, and you will travel all over the world to Zhuanghuangzhou.In the future, the harmony between heaven and man will be reborn, and Linfeng will return to Yao and Shunqiu!

Foolish men and women can't understand systematic and almost philosophical Confucianism at all.

Then, simplify Confucianism, simplify it into something that ordinary people can understand, and rely on methods similar to religion and methods similar to religious morality to let Confucian morality go deep into the grassroots.

In fact, it is trying to change Confucianism into a common people's religion, and then use religion to improve the morality of the common people, and finally achieve a kingly world where "everyone is a gentleman, like a house can be sealed".

And this morality, or the moral construction of every gentleman, is based on "father and son have relatives, monarch and minister have righteousness, husband and wife are different, seniors and children are orderly, ethics are orderly, and there is no crime".

To understand it simply, I want to build a "Confucian Holy See" to revive morality through folk missionary methods.

Ordinary people... are ordinary people more likely to accept mystical things such as qigong healing, salvation in dreams, and majestic elephants?
Or will it be easier for these illiterate ordinary people to accept those voluminous Confucian theories?

This school was sprayed by many people at the end of the Ming Dynasty, saying that it was not Confucianism at all, and that it contained too much teaching. If it was done like this, it would definitely become a yellow scarf and a white lotus in the end.

Besides, is Confucianism so simple and understandable?Is it that ordinary people can explain it clearly with a few lines of poetry, morality, township conventions and other things related to daily use?
If you do this, is this still Confucianism?

In fact, to some extent, many events in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Shun Dynasty can be regarded as the reproduction of Zhu Xi's prophecy.

After all, Zhu Xi's academic background is there. He is the kind of person who knows that some things are false, but pretends not to know for the sake of confrontation.

Zhu Xi said a long time ago that Lu Wang's lineage of mind learning is infected by Buddhism and Zen, and sooner or later he will find no way out. In the end, he will turn around when he finds that there is no way out.

But the theory of meritorious service and utilitarianism are the real serious troubles, which may shake the foundation.It is not to shake his foundation, but it may eventually dig out the foundation of Confucius and Mencius after it unfolds. Even if Ye Shi, Chen Liang, and the others are all Confucian scholars, it will be very dangerous and difficult to control.

All kinds of events from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Shun Dynasty basically followed this routine.

Empty talk about the heart and nature led to the resurgence of the Donglin Party's Moral Respect for Zhu School, Yangming's learning flourished and declined, and it naturally turned back; It directly digs the root of Zhu Zixue, and also leads to opening a gap, so that there is a danger of "Yang Shi Zhou Kong", because Zhou Confucius' original purpose of the Bible alone cannot support the whole world.

As for today, when Cheng Tingzuo, Meng Songlu and others tried the Confucianism-retro-confucian Xiangyue Village Society, they were in a position that inevitably led to a large number of Confucian students of the Taizhou School to join it.

Because, the Taizhou School believes that it is not a shame to be close to the common people and to become civilians.

Only they are willing to really take root in the village community, get in touch with those mud legs, and teach Confucian morality.

Yan Li School, after all, is still elitist.

Yan Yuan's idea is that Confucian scholars have taken a wrong path, so they need to carry out divided education, turning each Confucian scholar into a hexagonal warrior-knowledge, water conservancy, martial arts, art of war, astronomy, Understand geography - they lead the people, develop the economy, and carry out education.

This is directly related to the chaotic era in the late Ming Dynasty.

According to Yan Yuan's vision, if Gu Yanwu mentioned 60 students, each of them would be the image that the Yan-Li School tried to establish.

That is, it is not 60 waste silverfish, but 60 students who know martial arts, art of war, water conservancy, astronomy, arithmetic, farming, obeying commands, and absolutely obeying teachers. To achieve "the master has a life, and the disciples go through fire and water to follow it", every Confucian scholar is a qualified gentleman, so what is the matter at the end of the Ming Dynasty?

The purpose is to train hundreds of thousands of Confucian elites who are capable, skilled, moral, knowledgeable, able to fight wars, know how to farm, who can go straight to Huanglong when mounted, and control water and even fields when dismounted.

Then, they believe that if it is really going to be done, and then the land issue is resolved and the theoretical construction is completed, it will no longer be possible for the world to have the situation that almost sank in China at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

However, when Wang Gen, the founder of the Taizhou School, lived, Donglu was still a loyal minister of the Ming Dynasty, and there was no great external threat at all.

On the contrary, the interior is lifeless.

What did Wang Gen do before he became a teacher of Wang Yangming... He was born in Yanding, and after going out to "do business for a few years", he became "well-off".There is no need to say what business you are doing.

Born as a private salt dealer, he must be very dissatisfied with the stagnation, feudal shackles, and hierarchical system inside.

What is his "Huinan Gewulun" derived from the theory of mind?
It is said that the way of heaven exists, so the food, clothing, desires and needs of ordinary people, foolish men and women, are the way of heaven.

The way of a sage is no different from the daily use of common people.The key is [anyone who is different is heresy].

The common people don't know or can't do those mysterious and mysterious things. This shows that these mysterious and profound theories are all heresies.

What is the same as a foolish husband and a foolish woman is called the same virtue; what is different from a foolish husband and foolish woman is called heresy.

He even directly said that "the six classics are all my footnotes".

There is also "common people are not inferior, and princes are not high".

This is a standard set of ideological theories serving small producers, industrialists, small businessmen and petty bourgeoisie.

It originated from the increasingly developed commodity economy, the relaxation of feudal personal control in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and the gradual development of private handicrafts by small producers.

And he was born as a salt dealer, and his theoretical foundation was not solid enough, so there were too many loopholes. He was quickly criticized by the great Confucianism, thinking that this set of things was simply appalling heresy.

It is precisely because he was born as a salt dealer and his theoretical foundation is not solid enough, so in the process of preaching, he is better at using some propaganda methods that ordinary people can understand, singing songs, singing poems, telling stories, and occasionally telling a "miracle". ", saving the world by relying on the sky in the dream, etc., have a great influence.

Another member of the Taizhou School, He Xinyin, organized a gathering.This is not a party like the Donglin Party that is loosely based on regions or contends for titles, but a party that truly has political ideas.

Although it is utopian, it also has political ideas and has made attempts to engage in rural self-government, and may even prepare armed forces to resist harsh taxes.

When it came to Li Zhi, his thoughts were even more free, and he was evaluated by the mainstream of Confucianism as a "human monster", "a heretic", and a "monster thing".

The Taizhou School is famous for being "famous for its madness".

But in fact, the group of people from the Yan Li School are also crazy.For example, Wang Yuan was an angry youth when he was young, and whoever got to hate him, Li Wei said directly: "You and I should compare the merits of Yao, Shun, Zhou, and Kong, so why should we teach the younger generation?" We want to be on par with Yao, Shun, Zhou, and Kong. These mediocre people are talking nonsense, meaningless.

Now, when these two factions get together, it is inevitable to have some wonderful chemical reactions.

One school of madness is a recognized heresy, especially a heresy, a heresy that disrupted the world, and even took the blame for the ideological confusion in the late Ming Dynasty.

The other faction is also crazy, saying that they are true Confucian scholars, at least they think they are.Then it is said that those who only read scriptures are not Confucianists, but literati; while astronomy, geography, arithmetic, physics, music, horseback riding, archery, military law, agriculture, etc., who are able to master one skill with one point of learning and nine points of practice, are considered entry-level Confucian students.Literati are not worthy of being called Confucian scholars at all.

One group is following the path of spiritual needs for everyone to be holy.

One faction has come to the opposite of the landlord land ownership system. From the very beginning, it believes that land equalization is the most benevolent and righteous in the world. Although they have dreamed about such things as redemption and voluntary return of land, the core idea is to eliminate landlord land ownership.I just think that there is no need for violence, and that it can be resolved through gentle means, and maybe even rely on the benevolence of the landlord to return the land to the tenant farmers spontaneously.

Basically, Wang Yuan of the Yan-Li school of thought "Only farmers can have land", "Urban land and house tax theory", "Merchants' tax credits are promoted to false titles of scholar-bureaucrats" are regarded as the ideas of land equalization in the old era and the industrial and commercial ideas. The final version of the status is up.

Under the limitations of the old era, it is impossible to come up with a more advanced version than this.

The popularization of Confucianism in the later period of the Taizhou School, the theory of everyone's sanctification, and the method of singing and preaching are also on the verge of the religiousization of Confucianism.

Ordinarily, these two factions should be regarded as two opposite extremes, and it is impossible to sit and chat together at all.

But there are two situations in which the two factions may come together and make something happen.

One is that social conflicts have intensified to such an extent that the two families have come together to "save the world."

The systematic system of equalizing the land and mu in the celestial dynasty, matching, and entrusting the miracle of saving the people in the dream.

The "true" Confucian students who are skilled in six arts, can fight, can farm, understand water conservancy, know the art of war, and recognize Juntian as the most benevolent government in the world.

With the idea of ​​family prosperity when one family moves, and the whole world thrives when the world moves, the Taizhou Juhehui goes beyond the clan's organizational model.

...Appointment can make a big deal.

It is even basically the peak configuration of the peasant uprising in feudal society, with complete elements.

Another situation that brings the two together.

That is the unique "prosperity" crisis of Dashun at this time.

(End of this chapter)